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Chapter 12

Computers and Specimen Handling and Processing

QuestionAnswer
A mnemonic is a memory aid
A barcode is a series of bars and spaces representing numbers or letters
A pneumatic tube is a pressurized air transportation system
This is permaent computer memory that instructs the computer to carry out user-requested operations ROM - Read-only memory
What is output processed information generated by the computer
Which one of the following methods should never be used to prevent exposure to aerosols generated when the stopper is removed from a specimen tube withdrawing the specimen through the stopper by syringe
Which one of the following describes proper aliquot preparation immediately covering aliquot tubes after transferring the specimen
This organization develops standards for specimen handling and processing CLSI - Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute
Interface means interacting through the connection of computers
ESR determinations on specimens held at room temperature must be made withing 4 hours
Which of the following is the best way to prepare routine blood specimen tubes for transportation to the lab seal the tubes in plastic bags
Which of the following specimens are least likely to require special handling cholesterol and uric acid
This is an example fo preanalytical error made at the time of collection failing to mix tubes
Transferring specimens into aliquot tubes has inherent risks. Which of the following involves the least risk aliquot tubes that are prelabeled
This is a source of preanalytical error that occurs before specimen collection dehydrated patient
HIPAA was enacted to provide guidelines for sharing of PHI
Special hand held computer systems used in laboratory medicine are capable of displaying what tubes to collect gererating labels for specimens reading barcodes on ID bracelets
Critical values (test values that are considered life threatening) are also called panic values
Which of the following would be a preanalytical error related to specimen storage exposure to light
Which of the following would be a preanalytical error related to specimen transport agitation-induced hemolysis
A USB drive is a secondary storage device
Cellular metabolism in specimens that have not been separated from the cells will affect which the following analytes Calcitonin
Glycolysis by the cells in blood specimens can falsely lower glucose values at a rate of up to 200 mg/L per hour
Which of the following samples are time sensitive calcium collected in sodium heparin tubes ESR determinations collected in EDTA tubes PTTs that are stored at refrigerated temperature
Which of the following temperatures is acceptable for a specimen that requires transportation and handling at room temperature 25 C
Some blood specimens require cooling to slow metabolic processes
Which one of the flollowing activities is least likely to take place in central processing or triage analysis and reporting
It is unlikely that removing the stopper from a specimen will cause loss of iCa2+
If a specimen has inadequate identification, the specimen processor may ask the phlebotomist to get a new sample
Use of one of the newest technologies, RDID, is emerging in healthcare. RFID is a method of specimen identification
An example of a preanalytical error happening during specimen processing is indaequate centrifugation
To be considered computer literate, an individual must be able to understand the computer and the functions it performs
This is a term for a group of computers liked together for the purpose of sharing information network
Data can be entered oninput into a computer from scanners
Computer memeory bytes are individual data characters
Which of the following is a function of a computer monitor provides visible display of all the information being processed
Random access memory (RAM) can be lost when the computer program is closed
Which one of the following should be excluded from a list of computer peripherals programs
Systems software includes coded instructions that control processing of data
The latoratory has a computerized laboratory information system (LIS). Once an inpatient specimen has been collected by a phelbotomist and returned to the laboratory, what occurs next specimen collection is verified
A computer terminal is a keyboard and computer screen workstation
Which of the following is characteristic of an intranet connects computer networks within a company
Which of the following would be described as logging on entring a password to access the LIS
To process input data, a computer user must press the enter key
Computer verification of test orders is best described as a process that allows a user to modify, delete, or accept test orders after review of data
The "order inquiry" function allows the user to retrieve all test orders on a patient
Which of the following is confidential and unique to a single computer user password
Typical functions an LIS can perform include entering lab test results ordering laboratory tests printing specimen labels
What does the laboratory use to idenify a specimen throughout the testing process accession number
Using the information from the computer requisition form (using military time) identify the number that points to the time the specimen is to be colledted 9 - 1252
Using the information from the computer requiaition identify the number that points to the color of tube required 10 - lavendar
Using the information from the computer requisition identify the number that points to the specimen accession number 3 - ACCN#
When using computer generated specimen labels what information must typically be added to the label after a specimen is collected phlebotomist's initials
A bidirectional computer interface allows data to upload or download between two systems
A computer networking system created to share resources within a facility or organization is also called a LAN
In computer language, "hard copy" is processed data printed on paper
The current trend in laboratory testing includes POCT expansion capabilities
In specimen handling it is very important to appreciate that effects of mishandling the specimen are not always obvious
Proper specimen handling begins when the physician orders the test
You are the only phlebotomist in an outpatient drawing station. A physician orders a test with which you are not familiar. What is the appropriate action to take refer to the user manual for instructions
The numner of tube inversions required during secimen collection depends on manufacturer recommended inversions
Inadequate mixing of an anticoagulant tube can lead to Microclots in the specimen
Which tube does not require mixing plain red top
Transporting blood specimens with the stopper up has nothing to to with maintaining the sterility of the sample
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and Occdupational Satety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines do not require specimen transport bags to have shock-resistance features
Which one of the following agencies has nothing to do with setting guidelines for specimens transported by courier and other air or ground mail systems FDA
It is unnecessary to protect this specimen from light ammonia
Rough handling during transport is bad for specimens, but it will not elevate WBC counts
Which specimen needs to be transported on ice ammonia
The best way to chill a specimen is to immerse it in a slurry of ice and water
Chilling can cause erroneous results for this analyte potassium
How should a cryofibrinogen specimen be transported in a 37C heat block
The most probable reason a phlebotomist would wrap a specimen in aluminum foli would be to protect it from room light
A specimen must be transported at or near normal body temperature. Which of the following temperatures meets this requirement 37 C
According to CLSI, the maximum time limit for separating serum or plasma from cells is 2.0 hours from the time of collection
A spearator gel prevents glycolysis after the specimen has been centrifuged
Which of the following specimens is unlikely to be rejected for analysis. A specimen for total bilirubin that is icteric
A glucose specimen collected in a sodium fluoride tube is generally stable at room temperature for 24 hours
Which specimen has priority over all other specimens during processing and testing STAT
Which of the following specimens does not need to tbe contrifuged CBC in a lavender tube
Which of the following is not a valid reason for why blood slides made from EDTA specimens must be prepared within 1 hour of specimen collections, to ensure they are made before clots appear
Precessing specimens requires various types of PPE, but this type is unnecessary covers for footwear
This specimen would most likely be accepted for testing despite this problem not initialed by collector
Which of the following actions will compromise the quality of the specimen only partially filling a liquid EDTA tube
Results for this test should be normal despite a delay in processing longer than 2 hours pregnancy test
An aliquot is a portion of a specimen being tested
Which specimen will be automatically rejected if the tube is not filled until the normal vacuum is exhausted prothrombin time
Which of the following test is unaffected by hemolysis hemoglobin
Tests performed on plasma samples are drawn in anticoagulant tubes
Chemistry test are often collected in heparin tubes to reduce the turnaround time
It is importrant to note the type of heparin in a collection tube because some types of heparin can affect results of certain tests
To avoid airborne infection while prcessing specimens cover tube stoppers with gauze to remove them
When a non-additive specimen is spun in a certrifuge the substance that comes to the top serum
If a serum specimen is not completely clotted before it is centrifuged the serum may have a fibrin clot in it
Which of the following collection circumstances is least likely to result in delayed clotting of a serumm specimen collection was difficult, hemolyzing red cells
Which of the following tests would be most affected if contaminated with a drop of perspiration lytes
Stoppers should be left on tubes awaiting conetrifugation to prevent contamination
Minimum precentrifugation time for specimens drawn in serum separator tuebs is 30 minutes
Repeated centrifugation of a specimen can alter the test results deteriorate analytes result in hemolysis
Which statement describes proper centrifuge operation balance specimens by placing tubes of equal volume and size opposite one another
Aerosol fine mist of the specimen
Aliquot portion of a specimen used for testing
Central processing screening and prioritizing area where specimens are recived and prepared for testing
CPU central processing unit
Centrifuge a machine that spins that blood tubes at high number of revolutions per minute
Data information collected for analysis or computation
DOT department of transportation
FAA Federal aviation administration
HPC handheld pc
icons images used to request the appropriate programs or functions on a computer
ID code unique identification for users
Input to enter data into a computer
LAN local area network
LIS laboratory information system
PDA personal digital assistant
Preanalytical prior to analysis
QNS quanlity not suficient
RAM random access memory
RFID radio frequency identification
ROM read only memory
Software programming or coded instruction required to control the hardware used in processing data
Storage the preservation of data outside the CPU
Terminal computer screen and keyboard
USB drive universal serial bus; a device used for storing information
Menu a list of options from which the user may choose
Network a group of computers that are all linked for the purpose of sharing resources
output return of processed information or data to the user or to someone in another location
Password a secret code that uniquely identifies a person and allows him or her to become a system user
O&P Ova and parasites; a test to detect the presence of intestinal parasites and their eggs in feces
Middleware third part vendor software
Peripherals additional devices, such as modem or printer, that work in conjuntion with the computer
Verify to confirm or check for correctness of input
Body temperature 36.4C - 37.6C - (37.6C average)
Room temperature 15C - 30C
Refrigerated temperature 2C - 10C
Frozen temperature -20C or lower (some speciemns requre -70C or lower)
Lytes abbreviation of electrolytes
Created by: mmfleischer
 

 



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