Chemical Principles
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| What is the strongest of the three chemical bonds? | Covalent Bonds
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| What is an uncharged particle in the atomic nucleus? | Neutron
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| What is a hydrogen ion? | Proton
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| What is the number of protons in the nucleus? | Atomic Number
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| What are the particles with a negative charge that move in shells around the nucleus? | Electron
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| What is the bond formed by sharing electrons in the outermost shell? | Covalent bond
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| When a weak bond is formed, e.g. by the slight positive charge at the hydrogen end of the water molecule reacting with the negative end of other molecules | Hydrogen bond
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| What bond is formed by the gain or loss of electrons from the outer electron shell? | Ionic Bond
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| What is the substance upon which an enzyme acts? | Substrate
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| A protein that lowers the activation energy required for a reaction | Enzyme
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| What is the sum of the atomic weighs of a molecule's atoms? | Molecular weight
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| what is the collective term for all decomposition reactions | Catabolism
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| Grams equal to molecular weight | Mole
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| collective term for all synthesis reactions | anabolism
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| combining capacity of an atom | Valence
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| ion with a positive charge | Cation
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| one of two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures | Isomer
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| prevents drastic change in pH | buffer
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| substance that dissociates into ions that are neither OH- no H* | Salt
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| a proton donor | Acid
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| dissociates into one or more negative hydroxide ions, such as OH | Base
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| Combinations of atoms that have gained stability by completing the full complement of electrons in the outermost shell | molecule
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| eight or more glucose molecules in a chain | polysaccharide
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| sterol | lipid
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| fat | lipid
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| production of a molecule of water during synthesis | condensation
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| formed a chain of amino acids | protein
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| lipoprotein | conjugated proteins
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| results from the release of energy of separation of the terminal phosphate group | adenosine triphosphate
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| DNA | Nucleic acid
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| Same number of protons in the nucleus but different weights | Isotope
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| A molecule containing at least two kinds of atoms, such as water (H2O). | Compound
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| An atom that is stable because it has its full complement of electrons. | Molecule
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| The D and L forms of an amino acid | Stereoisomer
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| The substance formed by a reaction | Product
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| Sucrose | Disccharide
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| Soluble in solvents such as ether or alcohol, but not in water | lipids
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| purines or pyrimidines attached to a pentose sugar, but without a phosphate group | Nucleoside
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| Have a hhydrogen-to-oxygen ratio 2:1, a general formula of CH2O | Carbohydrate
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| In DNA, with will pair with guanine | Cytosine
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| In RNA, replaces thymine | Uracil
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| The five-carbon sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose
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| Bonds between amino acids in proteins | Peptide
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| Atoms with the same atomic number are classified as the same... | Chemical Number
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| When discussing synthesis, the combinging substance are called ______________, and the substance formed is the product. | reactants
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| carbon has a valence of? | Four
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| the principle energy-carrying molecule in all cells is called | ATP
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| RNA differs from DNA in being usually ________ stranded | single
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| In a protein, the order of the amino acid sequence is the ___________ level of organization | Primary
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| Thymine and cyosine are single-ring structures called | Pryimidines
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| An example of a nitrogen-containing base in a nucleotide is | Adrenal, uracil
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| The _________ level of protein organization provides it with a three-dimensional shape. | Tertiary
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| About ________ different kinds of amino acids occur naturally in proteins | 20
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| some important characteristics of water are its high _________ and its capacity as a temperature ____________ | buffer
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| cations are positively charged ions; their outer electrons shell is __________ than half filled and they lose electrons | less
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| the minimum collision energy required for a chemical | activation energy
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| neutrons and protons have a weight about 1840 times that of | electrons
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| decomposition yields energy, which is called an __________ reaction | exergonic
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| eight or more glucose molecules in a chain would be described as a | polysaccharide
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| bridges together basic and acidic extremities of amino acids ex. GLYCYLALAN | peptide bond
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| sharing of elements in a chemical bond ex: methane | covalent bond
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| a hydrogen atom covaently bonded to one oxygen or another nitrogen atom :h2o | hydrogen bond
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| gaining or losing of elements on outside shell to gain positive or negative charged atoms | Ionic Bond
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| What are the building blocks of proteins | amino acids
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| what are the building blocks of DNA & RNA | Nucleotides
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| results from the release of energy by separation of the terminal phosphate group | ADP
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| What might be added to a solution to keep the pH from having drastic changes | Buffer
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| What substance or element differentiates organic from inorganic material | Carbon
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