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Micro Chap 2 Chem.
Chemical Principles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the strongest of the three chemical bonds? | Covalent Bonds |
| What is an uncharged particle in the atomic nucleus? | Neutron |
| What is a hydrogen ion? | Proton |
| What is the number of protons in the nucleus? | Atomic Number |
| What are the particles with a negative charge that move in shells around the nucleus? | Electron |
| What is the bond formed by sharing electrons in the outermost shell? | Covalent bond |
| When a weak bond is formed, e.g. by the slight positive charge at the hydrogen end of the water molecule reacting with the negative end of other molecules | Hydrogen bond |
| What bond is formed by the gain or loss of electrons from the outer electron shell? | Ionic Bond |
| What is the substance upon which an enzyme acts? | Substrate |
| A protein that lowers the activation energy required for a reaction | Enzyme |
| What is the sum of the atomic weighs of a molecule's atoms? | Molecular weight |
| what is the collective term for all decomposition reactions | Catabolism |
| Grams equal to molecular weight | Mole |
| collective term for all synthesis reactions | anabolism |
| combining capacity of an atom | Valence |
| ion with a positive charge | Cation |
| one of two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures | Isomer |
| prevents drastic change in pH | buffer |
| substance that dissociates into ions that are neither OH- no H* | Salt |
| a proton donor | Acid |
| dissociates into one or more negative hydroxide ions, such as OH | Base |
| Combinations of atoms that have gained stability by completing the full complement of electrons in the outermost shell | molecule |
| eight or more glucose molecules in a chain | polysaccharide |
| sterol | lipid |
| fat | lipid |
| production of a molecule of water during synthesis | condensation |
| formed a chain of amino acids | protein |
| lipoprotein | conjugated proteins |
| results from the release of energy of separation of the terminal phosphate group | adenosine triphosphate |
| DNA | Nucleic acid |
| Same number of protons in the nucleus but different weights | Isotope |
| A molecule containing at least two kinds of atoms, such as water (H2O). | Compound |
| An atom that is stable because it has its full complement of electrons. | Molecule |
| The D and L forms of an amino acid | Stereoisomer |
| The substance formed by a reaction | Product |
| Sucrose | Disccharide |
| Soluble in solvents such as ether or alcohol, but not in water | lipids |
| purines or pyrimidines attached to a pentose sugar, but without a phosphate group | Nucleoside |
| Have a hhydrogen-to-oxygen ratio 2:1, a general formula of CH2O | Carbohydrate |
| In DNA, with will pair with guanine | Cytosine |
| In RNA, replaces thymine | Uracil |
| The five-carbon sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose |
| Bonds between amino acids in proteins | Peptide |
| Atoms with the same atomic number are classified as the same... | Chemical Number |
| When discussing synthesis, the combinging substance are called ______________, and the substance formed is the product. | reactants |
| carbon has a valence of? | Four |
| the principle energy-carrying molecule in all cells is called | ATP |
| RNA differs from DNA in being usually ________ stranded | single |
| In a protein, the order of the amino acid sequence is the ___________ level of organization | Primary |
| Thymine and cyosine are single-ring structures called | Pryimidines |
| An example of a nitrogen-containing base in a nucleotide is | Adrenal, uracil |
| The _________ level of protein organization provides it with a three-dimensional shape. | Tertiary |
| About ________ different kinds of amino acids occur naturally in proteins | 20 |
| some important characteristics of water are its high _________ and its capacity as a temperature ____________ | buffer |
| cations are positively charged ions; their outer electrons shell is __________ than half filled and they lose electrons | less |
| the minimum collision energy required for a chemical | activation energy |
| neutrons and protons have a weight about 1840 times that of | electrons |
| decomposition yields energy, which is called an __________ reaction | exergonic |
| eight or more glucose molecules in a chain would be described as a | polysaccharide |
| bridges together basic and acidic extremities of amino acids ex. GLYCYLALAN | peptide bond |
| sharing of elements in a chemical bond ex: methane | covalent bond |
| a hydrogen atom covaently bonded to one oxygen or another nitrogen atom :h2o | hydrogen bond |
| gaining or losing of elements on outside shell to gain positive or negative charged atoms | Ionic Bond |
| What are the building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| what are the building blocks of DNA & RNA | Nucleotides |
| results from the release of energy by separation of the terminal phosphate group | ADP |
| What might be added to a solution to keep the pH from having drastic changes | Buffer |
| What substance or element differentiates organic from inorganic material | Carbon |
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