Chapter 3 vocab and notes
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| condition of the atmosphere in one place during a short period of time | weather
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| weather patterns typical for an area over a long period of time | climate
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| referring to the earth, and imaginary line that runs through its center between the North Pole and the South Pole | axis
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| a measure of how hot or cold something is, generally measured in degrees on a set scale, such as Fahrenheit or Celsius | temperature
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| in astronomy, the earth's yearly trip around the sun, taking 365 1/2 days | revolution
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| one of two days on which the sun is directly above the equator, making day and night equal in length | equinox
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| one of two days on which the sun's rays strike directly at latitude 23 1/2 North (Tropic of Cancer) or 23 1/2 South (Tropic of Capricorn), marking the beginning of summer or winter | solstice
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| wind in a region that blows in a fairly constant directional pattern, such as the trade winds that blow toward the Equator in low latitudes | prevailing wind
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| a frequently windless area near the Equator | doldrums
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| cold or warm "river" of seawater that flows in the oceans, generally in a circular pattern | current
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| moisture that falls to the earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail | precipitation
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| facing toward the direction from which the wind is blowing | windward
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| facing away from the direction from which the wind is blowing | leeward
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| a dry area found on the leeward side of a mountain range | rain shadow
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| the plant life the grows in an area if the natural environment has not been changed by people | natural vegetation
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| an area of lush vegetation | oasis
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| describing trees, usually broadleaved such as oak and maple, that lose their leaves in autumn | deciduous
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| forestland with both evergreen and deciduous trees | mixed forest
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| type of vegetation made up of dense forests of shrubs and short trees, common in Mediterranean climate | chaparral
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| an inland grassland area | prairie
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| permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground | permafrost
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| Russian term for the vast subarctic forest, mainly evergreens, that begins where the tundra ends; also used for subarctic climate regions in general | taiga
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| elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow | timberline
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| one step in the scientific method, suggesting a scientific explanation for observed events | hypothesis
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| irritating haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from automobile exhausts and other pollution sources | smog
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| for every 1,000 feet above altitude you lose ____ degrees in temperature | 3 1/2
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| ______ precipitation is when a rain shadow is formed | oragraphic
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| if an area receives less then ____ inches of rain a year it is considered a desert | 10
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| forest with both evergreen and conifer trees | coniferous forest
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| 0-30 degrees north or south of the equator are the | trade winds/ low latitudes
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| 30-60 degrees north or south of the equator are the | westerlies/ middle latitudes
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| 60-90 degrees north or south of the equator are the | easterlies/ high latitudes
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| what are the 5 main climate regions? | tropical, dry, mid-latitude, high-latitude, and highland
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| at the high latitude north it is also called | arctic circle
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| at the middle latitude north it is also called | tropic of cancer
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| at the low latitude 0 degrees is the | equator
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| at the middle latitude south it is also called | tropic of capricorn
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| at the high latitude south it is also called | antarctic circle
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| the earth is tilted at | 23 1/2 degrees
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| what causes the seasons to change? | the earth's revolution and tilt
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| god designed 3 main systems to distribute heat over the earth: | seasons. winds, and ocean currents
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| season middle latitude | spring summer fall winter
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| tropics seasons | rainy and dry
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| seasonal changes are caused by the __________ | tilt of the earth's axis
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| the earth near the ______ receives more sunlight than land near the poles | equator
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| the earth's axis is always pointed to the ________ | north star
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| the earth has 2 movements: | rotates on its axis, and it revolves aroung the sun
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| the tropic of cancer is located at | 23 1/2 degrees north
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| the tropic of capricorn is located at | 23 1/2 degrees south
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| the low latitudes are between 0 and 23 1/2 degrees, have warm temperatures and are called the _______ | tropics
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| the middle latitudes go from 23 1/2 degrees to 66 1/2, have warm summers and cool winters and are called the _______ | temperate zones
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| the high latitudes go from 66 1/2 all the way up to 90 they are called the _________ | polar regions
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| ______ is caused by movement of air that has been heated by the sun | wind
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| a large area of air that has similar temperatures and moves together is called an _______ | air mass
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| warm air masses _____, and cold air masses ______ | rise,sink
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| few winds blow north or south-the rotation around the earth's axis influences wind direction. the effect of this rotation is known as the ________ | coriolis effect
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| fast currents of wind that flow at high altitudes; they occur where cold polar air meets warm equatorial air | jet streams
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| non- windy area by the equator is called the doldrums also called as _______ | horse latitudes
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| hot air masses develop over the interior of continents in the summer, this hot arising air is call a ________ | low pressure zone
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| when winter comes, patterns reverse and this cold heavy air is called a | high pressure zone
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| 3 major factors that influence wind direction: | latitude, earth's rotation, and continents
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| ______ is a slight increase in surface water temperature over a wide area region in the pacific | El Nino
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| ocean currents flow in a circular pattern calles _______, in the center of this the water is dangerously calm | gyres
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| different states of water | solid liquid gas
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| when water absorbs enough heat, it changes into an invisible gas called water vapor, this process is called ________ | evaporation
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| the process of water's change from a gas to a liquid is called _______ | condensation
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| the amount of water vapor in the air is called ________ | humidity
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| the fall of water to the earth is called _________ | precipitation
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| 4 types of precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, and hail
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| the __________ continually replenishes the soil, plants, lakes, and rivers | hydrologic/water cycle
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| _____________ is like a slow-moving river under the ground | ground water
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| eventually ALL water returns to the _______ | oceans
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| rain or snow falls along the line where two air masses of different temperature meet, this line is called a _______ | front
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| the rise of warm air over a hot surface is called ________, which causes precipitation | convection
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| 4 moderate climates: | marine west coast, mediterranean, humid continental, and humid subtropic (MS)
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| deserts are often called _____ regions, which means "lacking moisture" | arid
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| _______ refers to land just above the tropics. It receives 50 inches of rainfall per year, and is where some of the richest farmland is located | humid subtropic
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| _________ covers most of western Europe and parts of California | marine west coast
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| a ______ is any large region where distinct populations of plants and animals are found living together | biome
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| 3 basic biomes: | forest, grassland, and wastelands
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| in north america fertile grasslands are called _______ | praires
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| _______ cold region near the poles | tundra
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Created by:
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