Psych 1 - Smoney
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| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. (Wilhelm Wundt)
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| Structuralism | Early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic components, or structures, of conscious experiences. (Edward B. Titchener)
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| Functionalism | Early school of psychology that emphasized studying the purpose, or function, of behavior and mental experiences. How behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environments. (William James)
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| Psychoanalysis | Personalisty theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasize the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior. (Freud)
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| Behaviorism | School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasize the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning. (Pavlov, Watson,Skinner).
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| Humanistic Psychology | School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasize each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction. (Rogers, Maslow)
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| Biological Perspective | Emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior. (Sperry)
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| Cognitive Perspective | Break from traditional behaviorism, focus on how mental processes influence behavior but also how it influences memory, language, and problem solving. (Miller)
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| Cross-Cultural Perspective | People in different cultures act differently in some cases.
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| Evolutionary Perspective | Analyzes behaviors in terms of how it helps that species survive. (Darwin)
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| Scientific method | A set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in generating evidence, and in drawing conclusions.
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| Empirical Evidence | Evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, and/or experimentation.
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| Hypothesis | A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
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| Variable | Factor that that can vary and by observed, measured, and verified.
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| Operational Definition | A precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured.
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| Statistics | A branch of mathematics used by researchers to organize, summarize, and interpret data.
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| Statistically significant | Not likely to have occurred by chance.
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| Meta-analysis | Stat technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends.
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| Replicate | repeat the study
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| Theory | Tentative explanation for something
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| Descriptive research method | Observing behavior in order to describe the relationship among behaviors and events.
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| Naturalistic observation | Recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural settings.
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| Rule of falsifiability | In order for a claim to be scientifically tested and proved true, there must be identifiable evidence that could prove the claim false.
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| Case Study | Intensive study of a single or small group
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| Survey | Questionnaire or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group.
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| Representative sample | selected segment of population that will be studied
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| random selection | random. selection.
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| correlational study | lets researchers know how strongly 2 variables affect each other
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| experimental method | Research method where one of the variables is purposefully manipulated
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| random assignment | all participants have an equal chance of being in either group
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| control | base line, exposed to all conditions expect the independent variable
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| placebo control group | people are exposed to a fake independent variable
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| practice effect | get better with repetition
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| expectancy effects | change in the subject's behavior produced by the subject's belief that change should happen; also called placebo effects.
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| double-blind | nobody knows
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| demand characteristics | subtle cues by the researcher that communicate the response he is looking for
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| opportunity sampling | sample naturally occurring groups
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| self sampling | individuals select themselves to participate
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| stratified | equal groups by age or other grouping
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| hawthorne effect | people act dif when observed
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smoney95
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