| Question | Answer |
| Who has better gross motor skills? Fine motor skills? | Gross=Boys.
Fine=Girls. |
| What is the corpus callosum? | Cords that connect two hemispheres for greater coordination. |
| For middle childhood, 6- to 12-year-olds, growth is... | Slow consistent. |
| True or false: American kids are not getting enough exercise. | True. |
| What are impacts on becoming overweight? | 1.) Heredity and environment.
2.) Genetic testing.
3.) Poor diet.
4.) Little physical activity.
5.) No parental monitoring, screen time. |
| What is pre-operation? | Ability to manipulate thought. |
| What is Piaget's third stage? | Concrete Operational Stage.
Age 7-11. There is logical stability to the world. Elements can be changed and still retain original characteristics. |
| What are the four hallmarks of the Concrete Operational Stage? | 1. Conservation: # of thing= the same even if arrangement or appearance is changed.
2. Classification: Fit one class into another.
3. Identity: Nothing added/removed=the same.
4.) Seriation: Making an orderly arrangement from small to large. |
| What is seriation? | Making an orderly arrangement from small to large, like A>B>C. |
| What are some critiques of Piaget's concrete operations? | -Aspects of stage do not always emerge at the same time as he believed.
-Education and culture can exert stronger influences than he thought. |
| What are Piaget's contributions to education? | 1.) Take constructivist approach: Be active and create knowledge.
2.) Facilitate rather than direct.
3.) Encouraged us to have ongoing tests and consider child's knowledge. |
| Define laterization. | Development of the corpus collosum. |
| Why are children in the middle childhood phase so flexible? | Ligaments are not yet fully attached to the bone. |
| What is scheme/schema? | -Piaget's representation of thought or action.
-Domain organized knowledge structures in long term memory that contain elements of related information. |
| What can prevent the move of information to the prefrontal cortex? | Amygdala. |
| True or false: RAS is always paying attention, specifically to what you want to pay attention to. | False.
RAS is always paying attention, however, it may not be what you want to focus on. |
| Define info processing. | Improvement in memory reflect increases in background knowledge and strategies. |
| 4 groups of middle school students were tested, who did the best? Second best?
a.) Good readers/high baseball knowledge.
b.) Good reader/little baseball knowledge.
c.) Poor reader/high baseball knowledge.
d.) Poor reader/little baseball knowledge. | a.) Good readers/high baseball knowledge. Was the best.
c.) Poor reader/high baseball knowledge. Was the second best. |
| What is perception? | Assigning meaning to sensory stimuli, interpretation. |
| Give an example of the role of context? | l3 Can look like a B (AB) or 13 (12. 13, 14). |
| What is attention? | Focus on stimulus, attention is selective.
-Influence by what we already know. |
| We can only pay attention to ____ thing(s) at a time. | One. |
| What is interference? | Forgetting. |
| What is chunking? | Chunk information, such as numbers together, to remember. For example, (937) is one piece of information, not 3. |
| What is an issue with long term memory? | Although there is not a limited amount, the problem is receiving it. |
| What are the three types of knowledge? | 1.) Declarative: Know that. Ex- I know that today is Wednesday.
2.) Procedural: Know how. Ex- I know how to drive.
3.) Conditional: Know when and why. Ex- I know when to take antibiotics. |
| What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory? | Explicit: Conscious of remembering.
Implicit: Don't realize you're retrieving information. |
| How do you help students with elaboration? | 1.) Prior knowledge.
2.) Activate their prior knowledge.
3.) Organize info.
4.) Proceduralize and condition.
5.) Code. |
| What are two ways of retrieving stuff in your memory? | 1.) Activating memory: If you keep writing, you will eventually get the answer. Call up personal experiences.
2.) Reconstruction: Don't have to remember the answer, you know enough to reconstruct a good answer. |
| What are the types of cognitive load? | 1.) Intrinsic: Amount of cognitive processing something takes. Can only process 2 to 4 pieces of info at a time.
2.) Extraneous: How task is presented not critical to task (noise) irrelevant info. Logical or all over?
3.) Germane: Background knowledge. |
| What is a standardized test? | Same directions are used for administering them and standard procedures used for scoring and interpreting them. |
| What are the types of standardized tests? | 1.) Norm Referenced: Raw score compared to everyone else's. Ex- ACT, SAT.
2.) Criterion-Refrenced: Test scores aren't compared, but to standard performance. Ex- driver's test. |
| What is standard deviation? | Spread of scores around the mean. There is an equation to solve for this. |
