| Term | Definition |
| Sensation | Physical intake of information, sensory info, physiological/ physical, intake |
| Perception | Mental organizations and interpretations of sensation, neural signals, psychological/ mental |
| Photoreceptors | Light sensitive cells located on retina that convert light energy into neural impulses |
| Retina | Inner surface back of eyeball contains sensory receptors that transduce light into neural signals |
| Fovea | Center of reinta, cone are densely packed |
| Cornea | Thick, transparent outer layer |
| Lens | Light bent inward and focus to form an image |
| Visual process | Begins with electrical signals by sensory in retina |
| Photopigments | Protein molecules that become unstable and split aprat when exposed to light |
| Iris | Smooth circular muscle surrounding the pupil (where light enters the eye) |
| Rods | - Rod- shaped
- Night vision
- 120 mil. rods
- Located throughot retina
- Low acuity
- High sensitivity
- Does not detect color |
| Rods are everywhere except? | In fovea |
| Cones | - Cone - shaped
- Daytime vision
- Color
- 6 mil.
- Concentrated in fovea
- High acuity
- Low sensitivity to light |
| Basic taste sensations | Process salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umani (savory flavor) |
| Taste buds | Sensory organs in the mouth that contain the receptors for taste |
| Where is audition first processed? | Hair cells in cochlea |
| Where is vision first processed? | Rods and cones |
| Where is smell first processed? | Olfactory mucous neurons |
| Where is taste first processed? | Receptor cells on tongue (taste buds) |
| Where is touch first processed? | End of receptor neurons in skin |
| Audition | Hearing; sense of sound perception |
| Sound wave | Pattern of changes in air pressure during period of time; it produces the perception of a sound |
| Amplitude | Determines a sounds loudness in decibels |
| Frequency | Determines the pitch of a sound; measured in Hertz (Hz)
Number of wave peaks per minute |
| Eardrum | Thin membrane that makes the beginning middle ear; sound waves cause it to vibrate |
| Vestibular sense | - Perception of balance
- Determined by receptors in inner ear
- Carsickness |
| Fast Fibers | For sharp, immediate pain |
| Slow fibers | For chronic, dull, steady pain |
| Trichromatic theory | Color vision results from activity in three types of cones |
| Blue- violet light | Cones is most sensitive to short wave lengths |
| Yellow- green light | Most sensitive to medium wavelengths |
| Red- orange light | Most sensitive to long wavelengths |
| Which color is perceived in both long and medium wavelengths? | Yellow is perceived in long (red) and medium (green) wave lengths |
| Tactile stimulation | Pressure, temperature, pain |
| Temporal coding | Mechanisms for encoding low- frequency auditory stimuli which firing rates of cochlea hair cells match frequency of sound wave |
| Only sense that bypasses the thalamus | Smell |
