| Question | Answer |
| Define Articulation | Where two bones meet aka joint |
| What are the two categories or joint motion? | Functional and Structural |
| What are the characteristics of Structural? | 3 Matrices - Fibers, Cartilage, Bone
1 mixed type called - Synovial |
| What are the characteristics of Functional? | SAD
Synarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
Diarthrotic |
| What are the characteristics of a synarthrotic joint? | No ROM
Extremely Strong |
| Provide an example of a Synarthrosis joint. | Skull sutures |
| What are the characteristics of an Amphiarthrotic joint? | Some ROM
Made for stability |
| Provide an example of an Amphiarthrosis joint. | Ankles & Wrists |
| What are the characteristics of a Diarthrotic joint? | AKA Synovial joint
Full ROM
Unstable |
| Provide an example of a Diarthrosis joint. | Shoulders & Knees |
| What is NOT important in Structural category? | ROM |
| Is the presence of a joint cavity is important to structural or functional category? | Functional - If there is a cavity there will be ROM, if there is no cavity there will be no ROM. |
| Describe a synovial joint. | It contains all 3 matrices - Fibers, Cartilage, & Bone as well a joint cavity. |
| Functional& Structural combined - Synarthrosis (no ROM) | Suture – dense fiber
Gomphosis – fibrous ligament
Synchondrosis - cartilage
Synostosis - bony |
| Functional& Structural combined - Amphiarthrosis (some ROM) | Syndesmosis – fibrous ligament
Symphysis - fibrocartilage |
| Functional& Structural combined - Diarthrosis (full ROM) | Synovial joints – all three |
| List the 10 special structures of a synovial joint. | Articular Cartilage
Synovial Fluid
Joint Cavity
Articular Capsule -
Fibrous outside
Synovial Membrane inside
Accessory Structures -
Menisci, Fat Pads, Ligaments, Tendons, Bursae |
| Describe the features of a synovial joint. | Free ROM, joint cavity, articular capsule & synovial fluid. |
| What makes the synovial fluid? | Synovial membrane |
| What is the job of articular cartilage? | Reduce friction |
| What is the most common (MC) type of arthritis & it's cause? | Osteoarthritis & it is caused by cartilage that has worn away |
| What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid & how do they work? | Lubrication - creates hydroplane surface
Nutrient Distribution - thru the vacuum created
Shock absorption - viscosity increases w/ pressure & thins w/ less pressure. |
| What are the 5 accessory structures? | Menisci, Fat Pads, Ligaments, Tendons, & Bursae |
| Where can a menisci be found? | Knee |
| Where can a bursae be found? | Elbow, Patella |
| Describe Bursitis. | Swelling & inflammation of the Bursae |
| Describe Dislocation. | Complete dislocation |
| Describe Subluxation. | Partial Dislocation |
| List 3 types of arthritis. | Osteoarthritis (MC)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gouty Arthritis |
| Describe Rheumatoid Arthritis. | Autoimmune disease of joints
An inflammatory condition due to genetic and environmental factors
Wrists and hands, lungs, heart inflammation |
| Describe Gouty Arthritis. | Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) form within synovial fluid
Due to metabolic disorders
Consuming meat, seafood, beer (purines), and being overweight are factors |
| Describe Osteoarthritis (MC) | Due to repetitive motion of opposing joint surfaces; some genetic factors affecting collagen formation
Pain management and/or surgical correction may alleviate symptoms
Movement re-education useful aka rehab |
| What is the treatment to correct effects of joint immobilization? | CPM - Continuous Passive Movement |
| Does bone mass increase or decrease with age? | Decrease |
| What is the ion that bones store & release into the blood? | Calcium |
