| urinary system | Answer |
| kidneys | two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the verttebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum |
| nephron | urine-producing microscopic structure. approx 1 million in wach kidney |
| glomerulus | cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filterin the blood, and forming urine, begins here. |
| renal pelvis | funnel-shaped reservoir the collects the wrine and passes it to the ureter |
| hilum | indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney |
| ureters | 2 slender tubes, approx 10-13 inches long. recieve the urine from the kidneys to carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| vesic/o | bladder, sac |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus (opening) |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| ren/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| urinary bladder | muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine |
| urethra | lowest part of the urinary tract, through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| urinary meatus | opening through which the urine passes to the outside |
| albumin/o | albumin |
| azot/o | urea, nitrogen |
| blast/o | developing cell, germ cell |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycos/o | sugar |
| hydr/o | water |
| lith/o | stone, calculus |
| noct/i | night |
| olig/o | scanty, few |
| son/o | sound |
| tom/o | cut, section |
| urin/o | urine, urinary tract |
| ur/o | urine, urinary tract |
| -iasis | condition |
| -esis | condition |
| -lysis | loosening, dissolution, separating |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -ptosis | drooping, sagging, prolapse |
| -rrhaphy | suturing, repairing |
| -tripsy | surgical crushing |
| -trophy | nourishment, development |
| -uria | urine, urination |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystocele | protrusion of the bladder |
| cystolith | stone in the bladder |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of water in the kidney |
| nephritis | inflammation of a kidney |
| nephroblastoma | kidney tumor containing developing cells |
| nephrohypertrophy | excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney |
| nephrolithiasis | condition on stones in the kidney |
| nephroma | tumor of the kidney |
| nephromegaly | enlargement of a kidney |
| nephroptosis | drooping kidney |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney |
| uremia | condition of urine in the blood |
| ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter |
| ureterocele | protrusion of a ureter |
| ureterolithiasis | condiation of stones in the ureters |
| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter |
| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and the bladder |
| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis |
| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis |
| polycystic kidney disease | condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged |
| renal calculi | stones in the kidney |
| renal hypertension | elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| sepsis | condition in which pathogenic microorgansisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systematic inflammatory response to the infection (septicemia) |
| urinary retention | abnoraml accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate |
| urinary suppression | sudden stoppage of urine formation |
| urinary tract infection ( UTI ) | infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract |
| cystectomy | excision of the bladder |
| cystolithotomy | incision of the bladder to remove a stone |
| cystorrhaphy | suturing of the bladder |
| cystostomy or vesicotomy | incision of the bladder |
| lithotripsy | surgical crushing of a stone |
| nephrectomy | excision of a kidney |
| nephrolysis | separating the kidney (from otehr body structures) |
| nephropexy | surgical fixation of the kidney |
| nephropyelithotomy | incision through the kidney to the renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| nephrostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the kidney |
| pyeolithotomy | incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| pyeoplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
| ureterectomy | excision of a ureter |
| ureterostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the ureter |
| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
| vesicourethral suspension | suspension pertaining to the bladder and the urethra |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney or ureteral stones |
| fulguration | destruction of living tissue with an eletric spark (commonly used to remove bladder growths) |
| renal transplant | surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney |
| cystogram | xray image of the bladder |
| cystography | xray imaging of the bladder |
| intravenous urogram (IVU) | xray image of the urinary tract (intravenous pyelogram) |
| nephrogram | xray image of the kidney |
| nephrosonography | process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasound test) |
| nephrotomogram | xray image of the kidney |
| renogram | record of the kidney (nuclear mediciine test) |
| retrograde urogram | xray image of the urinary tract with contrast medium instilled through urethral catheters by a cystoscope |
| voiding cystourethrography | xray imaging of the bladder and the urethra |
| cystoscope | instrument used for visual exam of the bladder |
| cystoscopy | visual exam of the bladder |
| meatoscope | instrument used for visual exam of the meatus |
| meatoscopy | visual exam of the meatus |
| nephropscoy | visual exam of the kidney |
| urethroscope | instrument used for visual exam of the urethra |
| urinometer | instrument used to measure (specific gravity) urine |
| KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) | simple xray image of the abdomen |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood (determines kidney function) |
| creatinine | blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood (elevated amount indicates imapired kidney function) |
| specific gravity (SG) | test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys |
| urinalysis (UA) | multiple rountine tests performed on a urine specimen |
| albuminuria | albumin in the urien |
| anuria | abscence of urine |
| aztoemia | urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood |
| diuresis | condition of urien passing through (increased excreation) |
| dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| glycosuria | sugar (glucose) in the urine |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| meatal | pertaining to the meatus |
| nephrologist | physician who studies and treats disease of the kidney |
| nephrology | study of the kidney |
| nocturia | night urination |
| oliguria | scanty urine |
| polyuria | excessive urine |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| urinary | pertaining to the urine |
| urologist | physician who studies and treats the urinary tract |
| urology | study of the urinary tract |
| catheter (cath) | flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids |
| distended | stretched out |
| diuretic | agent the increases the formation and excretion of urine |
| enuresis | involuntary urination |
| hemodialysis (HD) | procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inablitly of the kidneys to do so |
| incontinence | inability to control bladder and/or bowels |
| micturate | to urinate or void |
| peritoneal dialysis | procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so |
| stricture | abnormal narrowing |
| urinal | receptical for urine |
| urinary catheterization | passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine |
| urodynamics | pertaining to the force and the flow of urine within the urinary tract |
| void | to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine |
