| Question | Answer |
| In patients with COPD both what are present? | Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema |
| In Panacinar & Panlobular Emphysema there is what? | Abnormal weakening and enlargement of all alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles to include: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts, and alveoli |
| In Centriacincar & Centrilobular Emphysema it involves what? | Respiratory bronchioles in the proximal portion of the acinus. |
| What is the most common form of emphysema and is associated with cigarette smoking? | Centriacinar Emphysema |
| How many people is believed to have chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both? | 10-15 million |
| A severs deficiency of Alpha 1 poses a strong risk factor for what? | Panacinar Emphysema |
| What factors influence the development of COPD? | 1. Genes
2. Age
3. Lung Growth & Development
4. Exposure to particles: Tobacco, occupational, indoor/outdoor pollution
5. TB, Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Infection
6. Socialeconomic status |
| Diagnosis of COPD should be considered for what? | Patient over 40 w/dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, exposed to smoking |
| Chest radiograph is poor at diagnosing what? | COPD |
| A Chest radiograph is good at diagnosing what? | pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, cardiomegaly |
| Type A COPD | Emphysema, Pink Puffer, Pursed Lip Breathing |
| Type B COPD | Chronic Bronchitis, Blue Bloater, Cyanosis |
| Radiology findings of Chronic Bronchitis? | Translucent (dark lung fields and flattened diaphragm |
| Therapeutic options for COPD? | 1. STOP SMOKING
2. smoking prevention
3. nicotine replacement
4. bronchodilators
5. exercise
6. less indoor/outdoor exposure
7. corticosteroids |
| Pharmacologic treatment options for COPD patients? | 1. Vaccines
2. Alpha 1 antitrypsin
3. Mucolytic
4. Vasodilators |
| Other treatment options for COPD? | 1. O2 Therapy
2. Ventilatory Support
3. Surgical
4. Treatment of Comorbid conditions
5. End of life care |
| The NAEPP guidelines include what? | 1. 6 steps of asthma management based upon degree of asthma control
2. 4 levels of asthma, intermittent, mild, moderate, severe
3. Adjustments to manage based upon asthma control
4. Use of action plan for children and adults |
| Asthma is decribed as a lung disorder characterized by? | 1. Reversible bronchial smooth muscle constriction
2. Airway Inflammation
Increased Airway Responsivess to an assortment of stimuli |
| Whats the result of smooth muscle constriction? | Bronchial mucosal edema, and excessive bronchial secretions, air trapping, and alveolar hyperinflation |
| Varicose Brochiectasis | Bronchi are dilated and constricted in a irregular fashion, distorted bulbous shape |
| Cylindrical Brochiectasis | Bronchi are dilated and rigid and have regular outlines like a tube. Xray dilated bronchi fail to taper for 6 to 10 generations then end abruptly |
| Cystic Bronchiectasis | Bronchi progressively in diameter unitll they end in large cystlike sacs |
| Most causes of bronchiectasis include a combination of what? | Obstruction and Infection |
| In developed countries what isvthe most common cause of Bronchiectasis. | Cystic Fibrosis |
| What is Sick Building Syndrome? | A condition where many people living networking in the same building experience different symptoms with no identifiable cause. |
