| Question | Answer |
| Inspection (Head) (Central Cyanosis) | 1. Requires 5g/dl of Desaturated Hb
2. Blue in lips and oral mucosa |
| Inspection (Head) (Pursed Lip Breathing) | 1. For COPD
2. Prevents airway closure
3. Exhale x2 the time of inhale |
| Inspection (Eyes) (Pupillary Reflexes) | 1. Perrla: Pupils sync, round, reactive to light and accommodation
2. Mydriasis: Dilated & fixed
3. Atropine
4. Brain Death
5. Cocaine O.D. |
| Inspection (Eyes) (Ptosis) | 1. Miosis: Pinpoint
2. Opiate O.D.
3. Sunstroke
4. Ptosis: Drooping eyes
5. Myasthenia Gravis |
| Inspection (Neck) (JVD) | An assessment method of quantifying R heart pressure. The degree of distention of the internal &/or external jugular veins at end-exhalation. |
| Most common cause of JVD? | Cor Pulmonale |
| Inspection (Thorax) (Thoracic Configuration) | 1. Barrel Chest: COPD
2. Pectus Carinatum: Pigeon Chest
3. Pectus Excavatum: Concave Sternum
May cause restrictive disorders
4. Kyphosis: A-P curvature
5. Scoliosis: Lateral Curvature
6. Kyphoscoliosis: Causes a severe restrictive disorder |
| What is frail chest? | Double fracture of 3 or more adjacent ribs |
| Inspection (Thoracic) (Breathing Pattern) | 1. Restrictive: Rapid, shallow, decreased WOB
2. Obstructive: Pursed lips, prolonged exhalation, active neck accessories |
| Inspection (Thoracic) (Abdominal Paradox) | The abdomen sinks upon inspiration
Seen in patients with COPD with impending ventilator failure |
| Inspection (Thoracic) (Peripheral Cyanosis) | 1. Blue at the nailbeds of toes & fingers often due to poor perfusion of the limbs, low cardiac output, COPD |
| Inspection (Thoracic) (Central Cyanosis) | 1. Oral Mucosa due to severe shunting |
