| Question | Answer |
| Total water % for males? | 60% |
| Total water % for females? | 55% |
| Total water % for newborns? | 75% |
| Define Millimole (mmol)? | 1/1000 of a mole
*glucose is sometimes measured in mmols/L |
| Define Milliequivalent (mEq)? | 1/1000 of an equivalent
*An equivalent is the amount of an ionized substance that has electrochemical binding power equal to one mole of hydrogen ions.
*Electrolytes, cations, anions, and expressed in milliequivalents |
| Define Milliomole (mOsm) | 1/1000 of an osmole
*An osmole is one mole of osmotically active particles.
*Osmostic activity of fluids such as blood & urine are expressed in milliosmoles.
*Glucose & proteins exert great osmotic influence. |
| Define Osmolarity? | The physiochemical property of substances in a solution which determines osmosis.
Normal Serum Osmolarity: 275-300 mOsm/L |
| Range of Normal Serum Osmolarity? | 275-300mOsm/L |
| State 3 primary determinants of Serum Osmolarity? | 1. Sodium
2. Glucose
3. B.U.N. |
| What is the action of Loop Diuretics? | a.k.a. Lasix
1. Act by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium, & chloride in the LOOP OF HENLE.
2. Fast & Powerful |
| What is the action of Thiazide Diuretics? | 1. Act by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium, & chloride in the DISTAL TUBULE.
2. Additionally bicarbonate is reabsorbed causing metabolic alkalosis.
3. "Less potent than Loop Diuretics" |
| What is the action of Osmotic Diuretics? | a.k.a. Mannitol
1. Large molecular substances that pass into the tubules through the glomerular membrane and are not reabsorbed
2. Pull a lot of fluid |
| What is Aldosterone? | An adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption & potassium secretion in the response to:
1. Hyponatremia
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Hypovolemia
4. Decreased C.O. |
| Normal PaO2? | 80-100 mmHg |
| Mild Hypoxemia? | 60-80 mmHg |
| Moderate Hypoxemia? | 50-60 mmHg |
| Severe Hypoxemia? | <50 mmHg |
