| Question | Answer |
| Motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Instinct | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Drive reduction theory | The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state |
| Incentive | A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, starting with physiological needs that must be met before safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs become active |
| Set point | The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set - when body fat falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may restore the lost weight |
| Basil metabolic rate | The body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| Industrial organizational psychology | The study of how individual behavior is affected by the work environment, coworkers, and organizational practices |
| Task leadership | Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals |
| Social leadership | Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers insight |
| Anorexia | An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feels fat |
| Bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessively exercising |
| Estrogen | A sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females - levels peak at ovulation |
| Testosterone | The most important of the male sex hormones - stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty |
| Refractory period | The resting period after orgasm during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
