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| True or False: Exposure is only defined for ionization produced by photons interacting with air | True |
| The three time-honored methods of radiation protection are | Time, Distance, and Shielding |
| The NRC stands for | Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| Beam-on light indicators are required on what three areas? | On the control panel, at the entrance door, and on the treatment unit. |
| A measure of the genetic risk to a population as a whole from exposure to ionizing radiation of some or all members of that population | Genetically significant dose (GSD) |
| True or False: TLDs are used in ring and wrist badges. | True |
| For LDR brachytherapy, the position of the patient’s bed should be | So that the patient in the adjoining room will not receive an excess of effective dose equivalent limit for the general public; usually bed placed by a wall adjacent to a stairway or other little occupied area. |
| Cancer induction, genetic effects, and embryologic and teratogenic effects are all examples of what type of effect? | Stochastic effects |
| Entrance doors to therapy rooms must be equipped with a(n) ______ that will shut off the machine if the door is opened during treatment. | Interlock |
| Transportation of radioactive materials is the concerned of what two agencies? | Department of Transportation (DOT) and the NRC |
| The nonstochastic limits for the lens of the eye are | 150 mSv |
| The quality factor for X-rays | 1 |
| Regulations require both _____ and ______ communication between the therapist and patient during treatment. | Visual and Aural |
| The formula to calculate the half value layer is | HVL = 0.693/M ;
M: linear attenuation coefficient |
| Radiation with sufficient energy to separate an electron from its atom | Ionizing Radiation |
| What are the four types of personnel monitoring devices? | Film badge dosimeter, TLD, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter, and pocket ionization chamber (pocket dosimeter) |
| The SI unit for exposure | Gray (Gy) |
| The total dose equivalent for an embryo or a fetus is | 5 mSv |
| Patients with LDR procedures are hospitalized for how long? | 24 to 72 hours |
| True or False: A film badge can discriminate between different types and energies of radiation | True |
| The two types of Gas-Filled Detectors | Ionization Chambers and Geiger-Muller (G-M) detectors. |
| True or False: Alpha particles and neutrons have a greater biological effect than x-rays. | True |
| The quality factor for alpha particles | 20 |
| True or False: Gieger counters can only detect the presence of radiation in the area, but cannot quantify the amount of dose in the area. | True |
| True or False: In a TLD, the amount of light emitted is proportional to the amount of radiation absorbed. | True |
| Factors for shielding requirements | Workload of the machine, Primary Beam Use Factor for each wall, Occupancy Factor for each area adjacent to the therapy room, Distance from the source of radiation to the occupied area, and Effective Dose Equivalent limit for the occupied area. |
| Workload | How many patients will be treated per week and how much radiation will be given to each one |
| True or False: In a TLD, the amount of light emitted is proportional to the amount of radiation absorbed. | True |
| The formula:
E = Wt (Wr) x absorbed dose,
is to calculate what? | Effective Equivalent Dose |
| LD 50/30 stands for | The lethal dose of 50% of the population within 30 days |
| Medical x-rays, nuclear medicine procedures, and consumer products such as televisions and tobacco products, are all examples of what? | Man-made sources of radiation |
| The rate at which a radioactive isotope undergoes nuclear decay | Activity |
| Primary Beam Use Factor | The fraction of time of use the beam will be aimed at the wall |
| Develops standards of protection for users of x-rays and other ionizing radiation. | International Commission on Radiological Protections (ICRP). |
| Therapy rooms can exceed 1 mSv in 1 hour. Therefore, the room must have a warning sign that says what? | “Caution, High Radiation Area” |
| Scatter or leakage radiation, coming from source housing or after interacting with the patient requires what type of barrier? | Secondary barrier |
| True or False: G-M counters are very sensitive, therefore, they are appropriate for detecting low levels of radiation or radioactive contamination | True |
| ALARA stands for | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| The SI unit for exposure | C/kg |
| The effective dose equivalent, which is the limit for stochastic effects, is | 50 mSv |
| True or False: Alpha Particles have a high LET radiation | True |
| This national group makes recommendations for protection against exposure | The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) |
| Oversees the use of isotopes produced in nuclear reactors | The NRC |
| The SI unit for dose equivalent | Sievert (Sv) |
| What are the three types of natural background radiation? | Cosmic rays, Terrestrial radiation, and Internal exposure |
| The amount of ionization produced by photons in air per unit mass of air. | Exposure |
| The amount of blackness on an x-ray film; related to the amount of radiation received by the film | Optical Density |
| What radiation warning signs are needed for LDR patients? | Caution signs should be on the entrance door, and the patient’s wrist, bed and chart. |
| Occupancy Factor | The fraction of time the area will be occupied |
| The energy absorbed per unit mass of any material | Absorbed dose |
| Erythema, epilation, cataract formation, and infertility are all examples of what type of effect? | Nonstochastic effects |
| True of False: Photons have no mass and no charge | True |
