| Term | Definition |
| Three major issues. | 1) Relationship between mind and brain
2) Roles of nature and nurture
3) Ethics of research |
| Two profound, difficult questions. | 1) why the universe is as it is (why it exists at all)
2) why and how consciousness occurs |
| Four fundamental forces. | 1) Gravity
2) Electromagnetism
3) Strong nuclear force
4) Weak nuclear force |
| Hard problem | What philosopher David Chalmers calls the second question (why and how consciousness occurs). |
| Mind-brain problem/mind-body problem | What is the relationship between mental experience and brain activity? |
| Biological psychology | the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience. Also known as biopsychology, psychopsychology, physiological psychology and behavioral neuroscience. |
| Neuroscience | includes much that is relevant to behavior but also includes more detail about anatomy and chemistry |
| Dorsal view | From above or top |
| Ventral view | From below or bottom |
| Fundamental property | One that cannot be reduced to something else.
Ex. Mass |
| Biological explanations of behavior | 1) Physiological
2) Ontogenetic
3) Evolutionary
4) Functional |
| Physiological explanation | Relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs. |
| Ontogenetic explanation | Describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions. |
| Evolutionary explanation | |
