Stated that states cannot interfere with free speech thus incorporating the right of freedom of speech into the Fourteenth Amendment
Gitlow v. New York
1886 ruling that states could only limit intrastate commerce, not interstate commerce; thus a state could not outlaw different rates for long and short haul railroad traffic; led to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Wabash case
The Court's first major First Amendment decision, it sustained the Espionage Act and found that free speech can be constrained if it created a "Clear and present danger."
Schenck v. US
This case upheld the Wagner Act and the right of collective bargaining; expanded the use of the Commerce Clause to labor issues
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel
Held that segregated schools were inherently unequal so that the principle of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education
This case established that states could limit women's working hours; Louis Brandeis argued the case using a brief that made use of sociological data
Muller v. Oregon
Ruled that a state could not ban the use of contraceptives because that would violate citizens' right to privacy
Griswold v. Connecticut
Declared that affirmative-action programs with racial quotas are unconstitutional
University of California v. Bakke
First significant case under the Sherman Antitrust Act; Court ruled that monopoly control of manufacturing was not the same as control of commerce so the Sherman Antitrust Act did not apply
US v. E.C. Knight Co.
Court ruled in 1875 that suffrage was not a right of citizenship so it was not unconstitutional to deprive a woman of the right to vote
