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Supreme Court Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Court ruled that arbitrarily drawn federal districts violated voters' constitutional rights and established the principle of "one man, one vote" | Baker v. Carr |
| Court ruled in 1875 that suffrage was not a right of citizenship so it was not unconstitutional to deprive a woman of the right to vote | Minor v. Happersett |
| Cases in 1883 that narrowed civil rights guaranteed by the 14th Amendment; said that blacks were protected against state action to limit their rights but not against individual actions; declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional | Civil Rights Cases |
| Ruled that the government could not exercise prior restraint to prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers | New York Times v. US |
| 1886 ruling that states could only limit intrastate commerce, not interstate commerce; thus a state could not outlaw different rates for long and short haul railroad traffic; led to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 | Wabash case |
| Held that poor defendants were entitled to free legal counsel | Gideon V. Wainwright |
| Established the principle of separate but equal for different facilities that segregated the races such as railway cars | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| This case upheld the Wagner Act and the right of collective bargaining; expanded the use of the Commerce Clause to labor issues | NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel |
| This decision declared the NRA unconstitutional | Schecter v. US |
| First significant case under the Sherman Antitrust Act; Court ruled that monopoly control of manufacturing was not the same as control of commerce so the Sherman Antitrust Act did not apply | US v. E.C. Knight Co. |
| Stated that states cannot interfere with free speech thus incorporating the right of freedom of speech into the Fourteenth Amendment | Gitlow v. New York |
| The Court ruled in 1877 that states could regulate commerce, in this case, a grain elevator | Munn v. Illinois |
| The Court ruled that the right to privacy protected a woman's decision whether or not to have an abortion | Roe v. Wade |
| This case established that states could limit women's working hours; Louis Brandeis argued the case using a brief that made use of sociological data | Muller v. Oregon |
| The Court's first major First Amendment decision, it sustained the Espionage Act and found that free speech can be constrained if it created a "Clear and present danger." | Schenck v. US |
| First trustbusting suit under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Northern Securities Case |
| Ruled that a state could not ban the use of contraceptives because that would violate citizens' right to privacy | Griswold v. Connecticut |
| Denied a writ of habeas corpus for a union leader's arrest for disobeying an injunction under the Sherman Antitrust Act | In re Debs |
| Held that the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was constitutional | Korematsu v. US |
| Ruled that before those accused of a crime can be interviewed by the police, they must be informed of their rights | Miranda v. Arizona |
| Declared that affirmative-action programs with racial quotas are unconstitutional | University of California v. Bakke |
| Held that segregated schools were inherently unequal so that the principle of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional | Brown v. Board of Education |