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BHSWG- concepts #7
BHSWG- Agriculture & Industry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| producing just enough food for a family or a village to survive | SUBSISTENCE FARMING |
| method in which farmers move every few years to find better soil | SHIFTING AGRICULTURE |
| farming carried on at permanent settlements | SEDENTARY FARMING |
| production of food surplus; farming organized as a business which includes a large area of land, advanced technology, a limited number of workers, and a large harvest of crops | COMMERCIAL FARMING |
| farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family | CASH CROP |
| a land management technique that helps protect farmland | CONSERVATION FARMING |
| term meaning suitable for growing crops | ARABLE |
| the raising of livestock; usually by nomadic peoples (ex. Bedouins) | PASTORALISM |
| to adapt plants and animals from the wild to make them useful to people | DOMESTICATE |
| program begun in the 1960s to produce higher-yielding, more productive strains of wheat, rice, and other food crops (primarily in Asia) | GREEN REVOLUTION |
| plant and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel | BIOMASS |
| a term for farms jointly operated by multiple households in which they usually sharing expenses and profits; in North Korea, the communist government controls every aspect of these farms. | COOPERATIVE FARMS |
| traditional farming method in which all trees and plants in one area are cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil | SLASH & BURN |
| chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests | PESTICIDE |
| replanting young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed | REFORESTATION |
| farming practices diffused across the earth from these original places | AGRICULTURAL HEARTHS |
| the channeling of water to fields; absolutely necessary in areas with little precipitation; started by ancient civilizations | IRRIGATION |
| economic system where private companies, under a government charter, traded goods in a foreign land (or colony) in return for precious metals to enrich the mother country (ex. developed by the British) | MERCANTILISM |
| changing crops on a regular basis to control and preserve the soil's nutrients | CROP ROTATION |
| the initial transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture in prehistory; man learned how to domesticate plants and animals, settled in one area and learned to successfully cultivate crops | NEOLITHIC OR AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION |
| a large farm that specializes in one or two crops (like cotton, sugar, or tobacco), found in the Americas, Africa, & Asia, and once depended on slave labor | PLANTATION FARMING |
| a social system where men hold the power in the family, economy, & government | PATRIARCHAL SYSTEM |
| changes that resulted from the Agricultural Revolution were ___________ | RELIABLE FOOD SOURCES, RAPID INCREASE IN POPULATION, JOB SPECIALIZATION, WIDENING OF GENDER DIFFERENCES |
| during the 15th/16th centuries when goods, slaves, crops were sent across the Atlantic between Europe, Africa, and the New World; new foods were introduced to areas during this time | COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE |
| the negative impacts of clearing land for agriculture include _______ | EROSION, CHANGES IN ORGANIC CONTENT OF SOIL, DEPLETION OF NATURAL VEGETATION, PRESENCE OF CHEMICALS IN SOIL & GROUND WATER |
| process by which economic activities on earth's surface evolved from producing basic primary goods to using factories for mass production | INDUSTRIALIZATION |
| began in England in the 18th century; factories developed where machines were powered to mass produce goods; this revolution attracted large numbers of people to move to cities in search of better jobs | INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION |
| improving the standard of living and economic health for people in a specific area through the expansion of education, technology, and industry | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT |
| non-renewable resources (coal, oil, natural gas) that are used as energy sources; the burning of these resources adds pollutants to the environment and contributes to climate change | FOSSIL FUELS |
| part of the economy that takes raw materials from the natural environment to sell | PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES |
| part of the economy that takes raw materials and produces a manufactured good to be sold | SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES |
| part of the economy that involves services provided rather than goods; usually requires some kind of education & training (ex. teacher, lawyer, doctor) | TERTIARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES |
| part of the economy that focuses on information management, research, and development (also requires training & education) | QUATERNARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES |
| trade amongst countries within a particular region | TRADING BLOCS |
| trade agreement between USA, Canada, Mexico which has opened up the borders for trade in North America | NAFTA |
| "Association of SE Asian Nations"- political and economic partnership of 10 S.E. Asian nations to promote economic growth, social progress, cultural development, peace and stability | A.S.E.A.N. |
| countries that have experienced industrialization, have all four economic activities, and make up the world's wealthiest countries | MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES |
| countries whose economies are heavily dependent upon agriculture, have a predominantly rural population, low literacy rates & life expectancies, and the world's poorest economies | LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES |
| refers to the increasing expansion of culture, people, and economic activity on a global scale; the global distribution goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade | GLOBALIZATION |
| social and economic idea that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts (practiced by the most developed countries in the world like the USA) | CONSUMERISM |
| the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country during a year | GDP |
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