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Geography Glossary 5
Geography Key Words and Definitions Population Topic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distribution | How people are spread out |
| Population density | The number of people per square kilometre |
| Densely populated | Many people per square kilometre (Tokyo has 5751/km2 -17 times the national average) |
| Sparsely populated | Few people per km2 (Mongolia has 1.7/km2) |
| Positive factors | Factors which lead to a dense population such as flat land or raw materials |
| Negative factors | Factors which lead to a sparse population such as steep slopes and extreme climates |
| Population structure | How the population is composed of the different age-groups and gender |
| Elderly dependents | People over 65 (pensioners) |
| Child dependents | People under the age of 16 who are at school & therefore dependent (14 in many LEDCs) |
| Infant mortality | Death of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births |
| Life expectancy | The average length of life, measured by the health standards in the year of birth |
| Economically active | People of working age (16-65 in UK). These provide the taxes to support the dependents |
| Death rate | The number of people dying per 1000 of the population |
| Birth rate | The number of babies born per 1000 of the population |
| Fertility rate | The average number of babies born to a woman |
| Population pyramid | A graph which measures age-groups and gender |
| Dependency ratio | The number of dependents for every economically active person |
| Family planning | A government scheme to help families consider the number of children they will have, to use birth control |
| Greying population | An increase in the percentage of elderly dependents, due to increasing life expectancy |
| Natural Increase | The difference between the birth rate and the death rate (BR-DR) |
| Contraception | Methods to prevent births such as condoms and the Pill |
| Overpopulation | When the number of people exceeds the available resources so poor living conditions |
| Demographic Transition Model | This graph shows how birth and death rates change as a country develops |
| Replacement rate | 2.1 – the fertility rate needed for enough children to be born to balance out those dying |
| Baby Boom | When a larger number of children are born – often following a war |
| Optimum Population Total | OPT = the number of people that an area can support so that they have a sustainable standard of living |
| One-Child Policy | The scheme in China to reduce the total population |
| Urbanisation | A growing percentage of the population living in towns and cities (different to urban growth) |
| Rural to Urban | Movement from the countryside TO the cities |
| Migration | The permanent movement from one place to another, internal or external from a country |
| Origin | The source of the people moving (migrants) |
| Destination | Where migrants wish to live |
| Asylum seekers | People seeking safety in another country, fearing death or discrimination if they return home |
| Refugees | People escaping into another country, from war or natural disasters |
| Internal Displaced People | IDPs – migrants still within a country but unable to return home e.g. war in Congo |
| Immigration | People moving IN to a country |
| Emigration | People moving OUT of a country |
| Push factors | The reasons at the origin which cause people to leave |
| Pull factors | The reasons which attract migrants to their destination |
| Economic migrant | A person whose reasons for moving are based on money and improving their standard of living. (e.g. Polish workers in UK) |
| Shanty towns | Low cost, self-built housing in many LEDC cities which cannot cope with the number of migrants from the countryside (e.g. Dharavi in Mumbai) |
| Self-Help schemes | A scheme where materials are provided by city council but migrants complete improvements to shanty towns themselves (e.g. Rio de Janeiro) |
Created by:
sallyfizz
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