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World Geography
Exam 1: Latin America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mountain range on east coast of Mexico | Sierra Madre Oriental |
| mountain range on west coast of Mexico | Sierra Madre Occidental |
| East | orient |
| West | occident |
| plateau in central Mexico | Central Mesa |
| 30" of precipitation | Central Mesa |
| < 30 " rainfall will result in | livestock ranching/grazing |
| mountain range in southern Mexico | Sierra Madre del Sur |
| largest concentration of pure-blooded Native American descent | Sierra Madre del Sur |
| 1 of 31 Mexican states | Chiapas |
| trade alliance between Mexico, United States, and Canada | NAFTA |
| ability to govern themselves | autonomy |
| mountains influence climate | orographic effect |
| windward slope casts dry, arid shadow on leeward slope | rain shadow |
| mountain range running through Central America | Central American Mountains |
| mountain range running through South America/ Chile | Andes |
| longest mountain range in the world | Andes |
| tallest peak in Western hemisphere | Mount Aconcagua |
| continents were once all together and are moving apart; Pangea | theory of continental drift |
| all of Earth's features are moving, not just the continents | plate tectonics |
| developed the theory of continental drift/plate tectonics | Alfred Wegener |
| what the Andes were created by | subduction |
| highlands in northern South America | Guiana Highlands |
| ore to get aluminum; big income | bauxite |
| white powder from bauxite | alumina |
| energy expensive process | electrolysis |
| shiny, metallic, metal | aluminum |
| more efficient than to refine and make new aluminum | aluminum recycling |
| orient, occident, cordillera | Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental |
| a mountain range that runs parallel to a coastline | cordillera |
| livestock ranching/grazing, 30 inches of precipitation | Central Mesa |
| autonomy, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Chiapas | Sierra Madre del Sur |
| orographic effect, rain shadow | Central American Mountains |
| theory of continental drift/plate tectonics, Mount Aconcagua, Alfred Wegener | Andes |
| bauxite, alumina, aluminum, electrolysis, recycling | Guiana Highlands |
| lava flows, geographic factors associated with coffee production | Brazilian Highlands |
| highlands located on the east coast of Brazil | Brazilian Highlands |
| crack in crust -> _________ -> cools ad creates new land (very fertile soil) | lava flows |
| Brazilian Highlands are perfect for; Brazil is world leader in production | coffee |
| conditions necessary for coffee | rich volcanic soils, tropical location, slightly higher elevation |
| physiographic boundary | Rio Grande |
| river that is the boundary between Mexico and the United States | Rio Grande |
| physical features used as political boundaries | physiographic boundary |
| why rivers as boundary can be problematic | can change course |
| drainage basin | Amazon River |
| Andes in Peru -> Brazil -> Atlantic Ocean | Amazon River |
| 4,00 miles long | Amazon River |
| 2nd largest in the world, most massive | Amazon River |
| area of land that rivers and their tributaries drain into | drainage basin |
| huge freshwater resource in South America | Amazon River |
| too big to use for hydroelectricity | Amazon River |
| hydroelectricity, estuary, Itaipu Dam, Rio de la Plata | Parana- Paraguay River System |
| one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world, on the international boundaries of Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) | Itaipu Dam |
| coastlines divets caused by water flows | estuary |
| estuary formed by the Parana-Paraguay River System | Rio de la Plata |
| Paraguay and Brazil -> Atlantic | Parana-Paraguay River System |
| Maya civilization, Aztec civilization, urban geography, primate city, rural-to-urban migration, push factors, pull factors, remittances, PEMEX, Lake Texcoco, Tenochtitlan, Mexico City, Bay of Campeche | Mexico |
| 900 B.C.- 900 B.C.E. | Mayans |
| natives located in the Yucatan peninsula | Mayans |
| pyramid bigger than any in Egypt | Uxmal |
| natives that studied the concept of zero, mathematics, architecture, astronomy, and the calendar | Mayans |
| in decline when the Spaniards arrived | Mayans |
| cactus growing out of rock with eagle on top holding rattlesnake | Aztecs |
| where Aztec symbol was found | Lake Texcoco |
| capital city of Aztecs | Tenochtitlan |
| modern day Mexico City | Tenochtitlan |
| one of the largest urban concentrations in the world; 22 million people; political capital; primate city | Mexico City |
| disproportionately large in population and embodies the national character of a country | primate city |
| most economically powerful; history tied to importance; only one in country | primate city |
| study of geography of cities | urban geography |
| leaving agriculture and moving to cities | rural-to-urban migration |
| causes decision to leave a place | push factors |
| causes decision to move to a place | pull factors |
| control over oil revenue in Mexico | PEMEX |
| money sent back to families by immigrants in other countries | remittances |
| Mexico's economy | oil, migration, tourism |
| British Empire, barrier reef | Belize |
| _________ stole British Honduras from Guatemala | British Empire |
| 2nd largest ______ off coast of Belize | barrier reef |
| language of Belize | English |
| Monroe Doctrine, banana republic | Guatemala |
| James Monroe's foreign policy;protection of Western hemisphere | Monroe Doctrine |
| series of governments that were tied to United States interests; more interested in foreign business rather than native peoples | banana republic |
| population density, pressure of overpopulation, demographic response | El Salvador |
| one of most densely populated countries in the world | El Salvador |
| 1970s-1980s: civil war was a __________; people trying to find a way to correct things | demographic response |
| land is scarce, a lot of people trying to live off the land | pressure of overpopulation |
| plentiful natural resources: gold, oil, natural gas, gemstones | Colombia |
| a wide variety of environments thanks to the Andes and the tropical lowlands in the southeast that allow wide varieties of crops to be grown, coupled with a pure location ideal for trade | Colombia |
| rebel groups and the drug trade | Colombia |
| the major drug here is cocaine, a stimulant extracted from the leaves of the coca plant | Colombia |
| the major processing point for extracting the cocaine from the coca | Colombia |
| most dangerous country in the world in the 1980s | Colombia |
| cocaine is a big issue | Colombia |
| possesses the 2nd largest proven reserves of oil in the Western Hemisphere | Venezuela |
| 1) it is known to exist; and 2) it is economically feasible to extract, meaning we have the technology to get to it AND we will make a profit from it | proven reserve |
| Venezuela is too dependent on | oil |
| 90% of Venezuela's income | oil |
| “putting all your eggs in one basket” | monoeconomic state |
| Venezuela is a member of; a group of 12 countries that hold a significant percentage of the world’s oil reserves, and try to control the price by controlling the supply available on the market | OPEC |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | OPEC |
| has the highest percentage of people of pure-blooded European descent in all of Latin America, with nearly 88% of the population having European ancestry. | Uruguay |
| cornerstone of Uruguay's economy | agriculture |
| Uruguay has very rich _________ | soils |
| a major producer of beef and wheat | Argentina |
| northern grasslands in Argentina where beef and wheat are produced | Pampas |
| group of islands Argentina has a dispute with the United Kingdom over | Falkland Islands |
| type of government in Argentina today | democracy |
| what is thought the Falkland Islands possess | oil and natural gas |
| study of shapes of political units like countries | territorial morphology |
| Chile is classified as; length roughly 6 x's their width | elongated state |
| more border to defend, communication and transportation more costly | disadvantages of elongated state |
| access to resources that would not be in the territory w/ other shapes and increased chance of different environments w/ different potential | advantages of elongated state |
| what Chile's northern third is dominated by | Atacama desert |
| one of the driest places on the planet | Atacama Desert |
| Chile's possession of world's largest reserves of two mineral sources, which are | copper and nitrates |
| considered for membership for NAFTA | Chile |
| Hurricane Mitch, natural hazard, risk, vulnerability | Honduras |
| study of natural disasters | natural hazard |
| statistical probability that a particular natural disaster will occur in a particular place | risk |
| how natural hazards are affecting human beings | vulnerability |
| in 1998, 1/3 of Honduras' population became homeless and set the economy back 50 years | Hurricane Mitch |
| Cold War, socialism,Sandinistas, Contras, Iran-Contra Scandal, Anastasio Somoza, Ronald Reagan. Oliver North | Nicaragua |
| United States had military occupancy of | Nicaragua |
| father-son ruling duo of Nicaragua | Somoza |
| son that was corrupt when ruling ; had U.S. support | Anastasio Somoza |
| overthrew Somoza | Sandinistas |
| Nicaragua's national guard | Contras |
| Sandinistas got support from | Soviet Union |
| under the table help to Contras when illegalized | Iran-Contra Scandal |
| middle man in Iran-Contra Scandal | Oliver North |
| biodiversity, ecotourism | Costa Rica |
| Switzerland of Central America | Costa Rica |
| protects their wildlife and vegetation | Costa Rica |
| tourists go to see biodiversity | ecotourism |
| cheap to maintain, generates a lot of revenue, tourists will help maintain landscapes | ecotourism |
| one of most politically stable countries in Latin America | Costa Rica |
| president abolished military; small police force and defense agreements | Costa Rica |
| transoceanic canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps, Jimmy Carter, Manuel Noriega | Panama |
| originally part of Colombia; got independence w/ help of U.S. | Panama |
| shortcut from Atlantic to the Pacific | transoceanic canal |
| tried to build canal first but failed | Ferdinand de Lesseps |
| gave canal to Panama to help repair relationship w/ Latin America | Jimmy Carter |
| got independence from U.S. winning Spanish-American War | Cuba |
| led a successful rebellion against U.s. | Fidel Castro |
| Fidel Castro allied himself with | Soviet Union |
| U.S. flights over Cuba; sites equipped with nuclear missiles thought to be aimed at the United States. The United States imposed a naval blockade until the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles | Cuban Missile Crisis |
| Cuba's major benefactor | Soviet Union |
| former British colony, sugar and bauxite | Jamaica |
| reggae music, Bob Marley | Jamaica |
| former French colony; poorest country in western hemisphere | Haiti |
| overpopulation, environmental degradation, high HIV/AIDS infection rates, political instability, corruption | Haiti |
| Haiti's neighbor | Dominican Republic |
| birthplace of more foreign-born baseball players than any other country | Dominican Republic |
| resource lottery, sugarcane, ethyl alcohol (ethanol), alcohol, Petrobras, forward capital, tropical, deforestation, favelas, plural society, soccer (futbol), Carnival, Brasilia, Amazon Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo | Brazil |
| Portuguese | Brazil |
| more land in possession means better chances of having resources | resource lottery |
| Brazil produces | coffee, citrus, sugarcane |
| process into ethanol for oil | sugarcane |
| Brazil's energy company | Petrobras |
| moving capital forward to encourage growth | forward capital |
| the forward capital city in Brazil | Brasilia |
| shantytowns in Brazil | favelas |
| capital of Brazil | Rio de Janeiro |
| largest city in Brazil | Sao Paulo |
| where tropical deforestation takes place | Amazon Basin |
| rainforest chopped down to make room for agriculture and ranches | tropical deforestation |
| a lot of diversity (ethnic group), very little interaction amongst them | plural society |
| unifying factors of Brazil | soccer and Carnival |
| former British colony previously known as British Guiana | Guyana |
| Guyana is a major producer of | bauxite |
| former colony of the Netherlands previously known as Dutch Guiana | Suriname |
| Suriname has large populations of | South and Southeast Asians |
| still a possession of France today | French Guiana |
| European Space Agency’s main launching pad for satellites into outer space | French Guiana |
| Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana | The Guianas |
| War of the Triple Alliance | Paraguay |
| South America's bloodiest war | War of the Triple Alliance |
| Paraguay v. Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina | War of the Triple Alliance |
| has the highest % of pure-blooded Native Americans | Bolivia |
| La Paz and Sucre; two capital cities | Bolivia |
| dominant center for Spanish colonial administration in Bolivia | Sucre |
| eclipsed its importance post-independence for Bolivia | La Paz |
| Incan civilization located in | Peru |
| ruled and overthrown similar to Aztecs | Incans |
| highest lake in the world | Lake Titicaca |
| downward-faulted block of the Earth's crust | graben |
| Ecuador does not have | primate city |
| islands Ecuador owns | Galapagos Islands |
| where Charles Darwin did his studies of finches | Galapagos Islands |
Created by:
sm1696
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