Question 1

2.2
Describe the spatial distribution of the world's rainfall patterns

Accepted Answer

rain fall: (Perth vs York)
high rain fall- Equator, mid latitudes, costal areas, windward slopes 
low rain fall-deserts, polar regions, inland, leeward slopes

Question 2

2.2
Describe the spatial distribution of the world's temperature patterns

Accepted Answer

temperature:
high temp- Equator, mid latitudes, low albedo areas
low temp-heat deficient zone, angle of incidence, high albedo areas, high altitude areas

Question 3

2.3
describe the key elements of the following natural systems & the ways in which they influence the earths climate:
heat budget, including the green house effect

Accepted Answer

elements:
-driving force of all climate systems
-albedo effect
-all insolation received is eventually returned to space

impact on climate:
-helps maintain temp
-any alterations in cycle disrupts all natural systems

Question 4

2.3
describe the key elements of the following natural systems & the ways in which they influence the earths climate:
hydrological cycle

Accepted Answer

elements:
-diagram (evaporation, transpiration, transportation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, etc)

impact on climate:
-regulates rain fall, humidity, cloud cover, temp (to an extent)
-alterations can lead to amplified processes

Question 5

2.4
explain 2 natural causes of GCC and the rate of GCC
solar variations

Accepted Answer

cause
-solar cycle contains sunspots that is a magnetic storm on the sun that releases radiation in sun flares

rate
- increasing global temp (heat budget) -> global ice melt -> sea level rise

Question 6

2.4
explain 2 anthropogenic causes of GCC and the rate of GCC
agriculture

Accepted Answer

cause
-livestock and crops
-agricultural practices erode soil and release green house gasses

rate
-increase in CH4 and N2O -> enhance GHE -> global temp rise -> ice melt -> sea level rise

Question 7

2.4
explain 2 natural causes of GCC and the rate of GCC
volcanic eruptions

Accepted Answer

cause
-release of large amounts of CO2, SO2 and ash/dust

rate
- short term cooling effect (higher albedo)

Question 8

2.4
explain 2 anthropogenic causes of GCC and the rate of GCC
deforestation

Accepted Answer

cause
-clearing of native vegetation/ forests

rate
- release of CO2 & reduced ecosystem services -> enhanced GHE -> global temp rise -> ice melt -> sea level rise

Question 9

2.5
Describe one major type of evidence for climate change through geological time
Ice cores

Accepted Answer

geological time:
-scale is a system of chronological measure
- 800, 000 years measured

Ice cores:
- specialised drill removes cylindrical tube of ice
- can measure wind, temp, volcanic activity, chemical makeup of atmosphere at the time

Question 10

2.5
Describe one major type of evidence for climate change in recent human history
Atmosphere

Accepted Answer

Recent human history:
-since industrial revolution 
- last 175 years

Atmosphere:
- instruments measure CO2 , temp and more

Question 11

2.6
Explain the interrelationship between land cover change and climate, including changes to surface reflectivity (albedo)

Accepted Answer

-melting icesheets and glaciers

ice & albedo positive feedback loop

LCC
-less snow/ice
↓
Effect
-reduced albedo
↓
change to climate
-increased temp
↓
Effect
- more ice melt

Question 12

2.6
Explain the interrelationship between land cover change and climate, including changes to process of natural carbon sequestration

Accepted Answer

- deforestation/ spreading deserts

deforestation positive feedback loop

LCC
-loss of vegetation
↓
Effect
-more CO2 and GH gasses
↓
Change to climate
-increased temp
↓
Effect
- increased stress on trees

Question 13

2.7
discuss the present impacts of climate change in the natural environment:
ice sheets and glaciers

Accepted Answer

present:
pos
-melt ponds, algae and bacteria evolve and flourish
neg
-over 50% of glacier ice melt occurred since 19th century
-consequences to polar regions and habitats

Question 14

2.7
discuss the present impacts of climate change in the anthropogenic environment:
agriculture

Accepted Answer

present:
pos
-increased agricultural production in northern hemisphere due to warmer weather
neg
-increase in natural hazards such as fires and floods

Question 15

2.7
discuss the projected impacts of climate change in the natural environment:
ice sheets and glaciers

Accepted Answer

projected:
pos
-good breading with warmer temps for some species
neg
-estimated half of mountain glaciers will melt by 2100

Question 16

2.7
discuss the projected impacts of climate change in the anthropogenic environment:
agriculture

Accepted Answer

projected:
pos
-northern countries will have a boom in farmable land
neg
-lower lats will have a drop in arable land
- estimated by 2050 south Europe will have decline in land suitable for farming

geo U3 syllabus 2

SCASA ATAR 12

Question	Answer
2.2 Describe the spatial distribution of the world's rainfall patterns	rain fall: (Perth vs York) high rain fall- Equator, mid latitudes, costal areas, windward slopes low rain fall-deserts, polar regions, inland, leeward slopes
2.2 Describe the spatial distribution of the world's temperature patterns	temperature: high temp- Equator, mid latitudes, low albedo areas low temp-heat deficient zone, angle of incidence, high albedo areas, high altitude areas
2.3 describe the key elements of the following natural systems & the ways in which they influence the earths climate: heat budget, including the green house effect	elements: -driving force of all climate systems -albedo effect -all insolation received is eventually returned to space impact on climate: -helps maintain temp -any alterations in cycle disrupts all natural systems
2.3 describe the key elements of the following natural systems & the ways in which they influence the earths climate: hydrological cycle	elements: -diagram (evaporation, transpiration, transportation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, etc) impact on climate: -regulates rain fall, humidity, cloud cover, temp (to an extent) -alterations can lead to amplified processes
2.4 explain 2 natural causes of GCC and the rate of GCC solar variations	cause -solar cycle contains sunspots that is a magnetic storm on the sun that releases radiation in sun flares rate - increasing global temp (heat budget) -> global ice melt -> sea level rise
2.4 explain 2 anthropogenic causes of GCC and the rate of GCC agriculture	cause -livestock and crops -agricultural practices erode soil and release green house gasses rate -increase in CH4 and N2O -> enhance GHE -> global temp rise -> ice melt -> sea level rise
2.4 explain 2 natural causes of GCC and the rate of GCC volcanic eruptions	cause -release of large amounts of CO2, SO2 and ash/dust rate - short term cooling effect (higher albedo)
2.4 explain 2 anthropogenic causes of GCC and the rate of GCC deforestation	cause -clearing of native vegetation/ forests rate - release of CO2 & reduced ecosystem services -> enhanced GHE -> global temp rise -> ice melt -> sea level rise
2.5 Describe one major type of evidence for climate change through geological time Ice cores	geological time: -scale is a system of chronological measure - 800, 000 years measured Ice cores: - specialised drill removes cylindrical tube of ice - can measure wind, temp, volcanic activity, chemical makeup of atmosphere at the time
2.5 Describe one major type of evidence for climate change in recent human history Atmosphere	Recent human history: -since industrial revolution - last 175 years Atmosphere: - instruments measure CO2 , temp and more
2.6 Explain the interrelationship between land cover change and climate, including changes to surface reflectivity (albedo)	-melting icesheets and glaciers ice & albedo positive feedback loop LCC -less snow/ice ↓ Effect -reduced albedo ↓ change to climate -increased temp ↓ Effect - more ice melt
2.6 Explain the interrelationship between land cover change and climate, including changes to process of natural carbon sequestration	- deforestation/ spreading deserts deforestation positive feedback loop LCC -loss of vegetation ↓ Effect -more CO2 and GH gasses ↓ Change to climate -increased temp ↓ Effect - increased stress on trees
2.7 discuss the present impacts of climate change in the natural environment: ice sheets and glaciers	present: pos -melt ponds, algae and bacteria evolve and flourish neg -over 50% of glacier ice melt occurred since 19th century -consequences to polar regions and habitats
2.7 discuss the present impacts of climate change in the anthropogenic environment: agriculture	present: pos -increased agricultural production in northern hemisphere due to warmer weather neg -increase in natural hazards such as fires and floods
2.7 discuss the projected impacts of climate change in the natural environment: ice sheets and glaciers	projected: pos -good breading with warmer temps for some species neg -estimated half of mountain glaciers will melt by 2100
2.7 discuss the projected impacts of climate change in the anthropogenic environment: agriculture	projected: pos -northern countries will have a boom in farmable land neg -lower lats will have a drop in arable land - estimated by 2050 south Europe will have decline in land suitable for farming

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