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Human Geography (Cha
Human Geography (Chapter 4)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autocracy | A government in which one person has all the power. |
| Central business district | The commercial and business center of a city, often referred to as the “downtown.” |
| City | A large human settlement with extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, and communication. |
| Command Economy | An economic system where the government controls production and distribution. |
| Commercial land use | Land used for business activities, such as stores, offices, and services. |
| Cultural Diffusion | The spread of cultural traits from one region to another. |
| Cultural Hearth | The origin point of a major culture where ideas and traditions begin. |
| Culture | The way of life of a group of people including beliefs, customs, arts, and institutions. |
| Culture region | An area where people share common cultural traits. |
| Death rate | The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year. |
| Democracy | A government in which power is held by the people, typically through elected representatives. |
| Demographics | Statistical data about a population such as age, gender, and income. |
| Dictatorship | A form of government in which a ruler has absolute power, often taken by force. |
| Ethnic group | A group of people with shared cultural traits, ancestry, language, or history. |
| Exurb | A region beyond the suburbs, typically more rural but still linked to the urban area. |
| Federal | A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units. |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a year. |
| Gross Domestic Product Per Capita | GDP divided by the population, showing average income per person. |
| Gross national product (GNP) | The total value of goods and services produced by a country’s residents, regardless of location. |
| Human Development Index | A measure of a country's development based on life expectancy, education, and income. |
| Industrial land use | Land used for factories, manufacturing, and production. |
| Infant mortality rate | The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. |
| Infrastructure | The basic systems and structures needed for a society to operate, such as roads, water supply, and power. |
| Less developed country (LDC) | A country with a lower standard of living, lower income, and limited industrialization. |
| Life expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live. |
| Literacy rate | The percentage of people who can read and write. |
| Market Economy | An economy where production and prices are determined by supply and demand with little government control. |
| Metropolitan area | A major city and its surrounding towns and suburbs linked economically and socially. |
| Mixed Economy | An economy that combines elements of both command and market systems. |
| Monarchy | A form of government ruled by a king or queen, where power may be limited or absolute. |
| More developed country (MDC) | A country with high levels of income, education, and industrialization. |
| Nation | A group of people with a shared culture and sense of unity, sometimes linked to a territory. |
| Natural boundary | A border based on physical features like rivers, mountains, or deserts. |
| Newly industrialized country (NIC) | A country transitioning from agricultural to industrial economies with rapid economic growth. |
| Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful individuals or families. |
| Population density | The number of people living per unit of area, such as per square mile or kilometer. |
| Population pyramid | A graph showing the age and gender distribution of a population. |
| Pull factor | A factor that draws people to a new location, such as jobs or safety. |
| Push factor | A factor that drives people away from their home, such as war or poverty. |
| Residential land use | Land used for housing and where people live. |
| Rural | Relating to the countryside, with lower population density and more open space. |
| Spatial diffusion | The spread of an idea or innovation from one place to another over time. |
| Standard of living | The level of wealth, comfort, and access to goods and services in a society. |
| State | A politically organized territory with a government, population, and defined borders. |
| Suburb | A residential area outside of a city, often with lower population density than the city center. |
| Theocracy | A government ruled by religious leaders or based on religious law. |
| Total fertility rate | The average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime. |
| Traditional Economy | An economy based on customs, traditions, and barter, usually found in rural and less developed areas. |
| Urban | Relating to cities or towns, typically with high population density and infrastructure. |
| Urbanization | The process of people moving from rural areas to cities, leading to city growth. |
| Urban Sprawl | spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city |
Created by:
Kay_lim3
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