Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GEO exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main economic systems? | Socialism, communism, and capitalism |
| what is capitalism? | Has private ownership, the right to keep profits, freedom of competition in a free market, includes the rich and the poor |
| What is socialism? | Has public or private ownership, basic industries owned or controlled by the government, larger, more invasive government compared to capitalism, aims to reduce the gap between the rich and poor |
| what is communism? | has public ownership, the government controls and owns everything, ideally everyone will be equal |
| what are the 3 economic sectors? | primary sector, secondary sector, tertiary sector |
| what is the primary sector? | the production of raw materials, harvest or extract resources directly from the earth. influenced by the natural environment and physical circumstances ---> place- development |
| examples of primary sector. | fishing, forestry, mining and agriculture |
| what is the secondary sector? | manufacturing, transforms raw materials into manufactured goods. |
| examples of the secondary sector: | automotive, construction, food-processing |
| what is the tertiary sector? | services, more developed regions, declining manufacturing |
| examples of the tertiary sector. | finance, advertising, education. |
| what are the 3 parts to the sectoral evolution theory? | preindustrial society, industrial society, and postindustrail society. |
| what is the preindustrial society part of the sectoral evolution theory? | majority of labor force in primary sector jobs |
| what is the industrial society part of the sectoral evolution theory? | majoity of labor force in secondary sector jobs |
| what is the postindustrial society part of the sectoral evolution theory? | majority of labor force in tertiary sector jobs |
| what are the limitations to the sectoral evolution theory? | That settlement developed along transportation routes |
| What leads to the uneven development between different countries or regions? | unequal distribution of people, resources, and wealth |
| Theories that attempt to explain the uneven development between countries. | The climate theory and the resource endowment theory |
| The general relationship between natural resources and economic prosperity. | sountries with access to natural resources need to add value to them in order to prosper economically |
| What is a resource curse? | Countries with large, valuable natural resources often have worse eocnomic performance than those without |
| in what cases does a resource curse occur? | when a country fails to diversify the eocnomy or corruption |
| how can a country avoid a resource curse? | diversify the economy and foster institutions that constrain state leaders. |
| how does colonialism explain the uneven economic development between former colonies and former colonizer countries? | in colonialism, there's a forcible takeover of another society, followed by reorganizing the colonies economy to benefit foreign colonizers. the rich get richer by making the poor poorer |
| how does neo- colonialism explain the uneven economic development between colonies and colonizer countries? | in neo-colonialism, this is current because economic systems inherited from the colonial era still emphasize primary sector production dent cheaply to colonizers in exchange for manufactured goods. |
| what is gdp? | Gross domestic product (GDP): total dollar amount of all final goods/services produced within a country |
| what does a gdp do? | provides a better guide to a country's domestic economy. A high GDP per capita determines better standards of living |
| what is a gni? | Gross national income (GNI): total dollar amount of all final goods/services produced by a country's citizen's/ businesses, regardless of production location |
| what does a gni do? | GNI is best used when we want to compare and contrast different countries total earnings |
| what is hdi? | HDI is human development index: income + health + education |
| what does an hdi do | measures the standard of living |
| what is a state? | a politically organized space |
| what is a nation? | a group of people |
| what are the 4 necessary elements of a state? | permanent population, defined territory (established geographic boundaries), government & sovereignty, international recognition |
| what is government & sovereignty? | right for a state to be able to control what is going on in their boarder (government power) |
| What are the 4 necessary elements of a nation? | common history, shared beliefs and values (similar culutral characteristics), A claimed traditional homeland, Desire for self-determination |
| what is a nation-state? | a singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state |
| example of a nation-state. | france, germany, japan and iceland |
| what is a multi-ethnic state? | a state that contains more than one ethnicity within its border |
| what is an example of a multi-ethnic state? | india, nigeria, and canada |
| what is a multi-national state? | A state that contains more than one nation of people within its border. Multiple ethnic groups with histories of "self-determination" agree to co-exist as one state by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities |
| what is an example of a multi-national state? | Canada |
| what is a multi-state nation? | a nation of people who are distributed across multiple states |
| examples of a multi-state nation. | south korea and north korea |
| what is a stateless nation? | a nation of people who do not have an independent state of their own and complete control over a territory |
| what is an example of a stateless nation? | Palestine and Kurds |
| what are types of political boundaries? | Physical-political boundary, geometric boundary, and cultural boundary |
| what is a physical-political boundary defined by? | physical features |
| what is a geometric boundary defined by? | arbitrarily drawn by humans |
| what is a cultural boundary defined by? | separates different cultures |
| Why trying to establish cultural boundaries often leads to violence and conflicts. | there are many disagreements over the location or demarcation of a border between two or more countries, states, or other political entities |
| what are the 4 different types of boundary disputes | allocational dispute, operational dispute, definitional dispute, locational dispute |
| what is an allocational dispute and example | over resources, usually oil and water |
| what is an operational dispute and example | how the boundary should function/administrate, usually illegal immigration, border crossings, etc. |
| what is a definitional dispute | on the legal language of agreement |
| what is a locational dispute | on the interpretation of where the boundary line is when the original boundary has shifted over time |
| what is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) | An area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind |
| Why do China and other countries around the South China Sea want to claim part of the sea as their own? | Because they want the rights and duties in maritime environments |
| what does endogenic mean? | internal forces beneath or at earth's surface |
| endogenic factors: | mountain building, earthquakes, volcanoes, |
| what does exogenic mean? | external forces |
| exogenic factors: | weathering, Erosion, deposition |
| Earth's interior 4 layers: | the crust, the mantle, the outer core, the inner core |
| which layer makes up the largest portion of the Earth’s volume | the mantle |
| which layer of earth is the thinnest | the crust |
| which layer of earth is the thickest | the mantle |
| characteristics of oceanic crust | approx. 10km thick; very dense |
| characteristics of continental crust | approx. 50 km this; less dense |
| what is the continental drift theory? | by Alfred Wegener; fossils of the same prehistoric animals or plants on several continents a thousand miles apart. Some fossils/rocks in a region that seemed to have traveled another climate |
| what is the plate tectonic theory? | accepted in 1960s, extension of Wegener's work. says that the plate tectonics are moving, and explains why earth's continents are moving. |
| Why was Wegener’s theory not accepted | because he couldn't present evidence as to why the continents were moving |
| what is the lithopshere | the crust & uppermost solid mantle |
| characteristics of the lithosphere: | tectonic plates (lithosphere plates); tectonic plates are floating on the asthenosphere beneath |
| what is the asthenosphere | the plastic liquid layer of the mantle |
| characteristics of the asthenosphere: | has convection currents that drive plate motion. These currents are constantly rising and sinking. These are the force of plate tectonics moving (reason why the continents are constantly moving) |
| geographic location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges | seafloor spreading leads to mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes |
| The location of the ring of fire. | The pacific ocean |
| what is happening in the ring of fire? | The largest subduction zone in the world |
| what are the 3 types of plate boundaries? | divergent boundary, convergent boundary, transform boundary |
| what is the divergent boundary? | plates spreading apart (west and east), seafloor spreading: Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Rift Valleys in Africa: a lowland region where the earth's tectonic plates are moving apart |
| what is the convergent boundary? | plates pushing together (convergent folding and subduction zones) |
| what is the transform boundary? | plates sliding past each other sideway. sliding motion causes lots of earthquakes and creates "faults" (large cracks) |
| rock age at a divergent boundary. | young |
| what is convergent folding? | continental-this will lead to the plates folding up on each other (pushing two towels together) |
| what is a subduction zone? | oceanic-continental convergence (a dense plate dives below). this leads to a plate to sink under another. RING OF FIRE - largest subduction zone in the world |
| what is a fault? | happens at a transform boundary - sliding motion causes lots of earthquakes and creates "faults" (large cracks) |
| definition of weathering | the process of breaking down rocks into pieces as a result of exposure to the environment |
| definition of erosion | the transportation of sediments that have been broken down by weathering processes |
| definition of deposition | the dropping off of sediments that have been weathered and eroded |
| what is physical weathering? | the breaking down of rocks by physical forces without changing the chemical composition of the rock |
| what is chemical weathering? | the altering of rocks as a result of chemical reactions. a change in the elements that compose rocks. |
| types of chemical weathering: | oxidation: iron + oxidation carbonation: carbonic acid water dissolves carbonate rocks, such as limestones |
| example of erosion by river: | Grand Canyon was formed by the weathering and erosion caused by the Colorado river over millions of years |
| example of erosion by gravity: | landslides are examples of erosion by gravity |
| where does deposition occur in a river? | along the inside bank of the river bend (where water flows slower) |
| where does erosion occur in a river? | along the outside bank of the river bend (where the water flows a lot faster) |
Created by:
ht30001
Popular Geography sets