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Geo ch.8 (2)
Political Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| terrorism | the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation |
| Institute for Economics & Peace and the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) | developed several criteria that must be met for an incident to be considered terrorism - intentional, violence, and not including acts from one state against another state |
| Reign of Terror | French Revolution between March 1793 and July 1794 |
| Maximilien Robespierre | guillotined thousands of political opponents during the Reign of Terror |
| boundary | an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory |
| frontier | a zone where no state exercises complete political control |
| cultural boundary | distribution of cultural features |
| geometric boundary | human constructs such as straight lines or parallels of latitudes |
| physical boundary | significant features on the landscape |
| Lake Albert | boundary between DR Congo and Uganda |
| Lake Victoria | boundary between Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda |
| Lake Tanganyika | boundary between Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia |
| Lake Malawi/Lake Nyasa | boundary between Malawi and Mozambique |
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | defines the rights and responsibilities of countries with respect to the use of the world’s oceans and the management of marine resources |
| territorial waters | 12 nautical miles from shore, rules about ships from other states |
| contigious zone | 12-24 nautical miles, laws regarding pollution, taxation, customs, and immigration |
| exclusive economic zone | 24-200 miles, state has the sole right to marine life |
| US and Canada boundary | 2,100-kilometer (1,300-mile) line along 49° north latitude |
| Quebec and New York/Vermont boundary | 45° north latitude |
| Alaska and Yukon Territory boundary | along the north-south arc of 141° west longitude |
| Antarctic Treaty | signed in 1959 by 47 states – provides legal framework for managing Antarctica - no military activites, only scientific research |
| Lomonosov Ridge | claimed by both Russia and Denmark |
| compact state | the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly - ideally would be shaped like a circle |
| prorupted state | an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension - created to get access to a resource or to separate two states |
| perforated state | a state that completely surrounds another one |
| elongated state | has a long and narrow shape |
| fragmented state | includes several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| Tanzania | created in 1964 as union of Zanzibar island and Tanganyika |
| landlocked state | lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it is completely surrounded by other countries |
| gerrymandering | redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power |
| Elbridge Gerry | governor of Massachusetts and vice president of the United States - redrew a district to benefit his party - people said it looked like a salamander - gerrymander cartoon |
| cracking | form of gerrymandering where like-minded voters are spread across several districts to prevent them from reaching a majority in any of them |
| packing | form of gerrymandering where like-minded voters are stacked in one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts |
Created by:
imr36093
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