Earth's center, where pressures and temperatures are very high.

The section of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass.

The theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle.

The process by which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper mantle.

Places on Earth's surface surface where the crust stretches until it breaks.

Areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them; the world's flattest and smoothest regions.

Areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents.

A deep valley marking a collision of plates, where one plate slides under another.

Places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates.

Places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other.

The process by which rocks break and decay over time.

Small particles of weathered rock.

Movement of surface material from one location to another by water, wind, and ice.

Thick masses of ice including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers.

An elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least on one side.

Fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains.

Accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river.

Process of removing salt from ocean water.

Movement of water through the hydrosphere.

First and smallest streams formed from the runoff of a mountain eventually forming rivers.

Any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river.

The entire region drained by a river and its tributaries.

Semi-enclosed bodies of water, seawater, and freshwater formed where a river meets an inlet of the sea.

Landscapes that are covered with water for at least part of the year.

The groundwater level at which all the cracks and spaces in rock are filled with water.

Broken-down plant and animal matter in soil.

Downward movement of minerals and humus in soils.

Plowing fields across a hill, rather than up and down the hill.

A condition in which soil has lost nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming.

The practice of planting different crops in a field in alternating years.

A process in which water is artificially supplied to the land.

Destruction or loss of forests.

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World Geography

Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Term	Definition
Core	Earth's center, where pressures and temperatures are very high.
Mantle	The section of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass.
Magma	Liquid rock within Earth.
Plate Tectonics	The theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle.
Continental Drift	The process by which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper mantle.
Rift Valleys	Places on Earth's surface surface where the crust stretches until it breaks.
Abyssal Plains	Areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them; the world's flattest and smoothest regions.
Continental Shelves	Areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents.
Trench	A deep valley marking a collision of plates, where one plate slides under another.
Folds	Places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates.
Faults	Places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other.
Weathering	The process by which rocks break and decay over time.
Sediment	Small particles of weathered rock.
Erosion	Movement of surface material from one location to another by water, wind, and ice.
Glaciers	Thick masses of ice including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers.
Plateau	An elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least on one side.
Alluvial Fan	Fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains.
Delta	Accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river.
Desalinization	Process of removing salt from ocean water.
Hydrologic Cycle	Movement of water through the hydrosphere.
Head Waters	First and smallest streams formed from the runoff of a mountain eventually forming rivers.
Tributary	Any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river.
Watershed	The entire region drained by a river and its tributaries.
Estuaries	Semi-enclosed bodies of water, seawater, and freshwater formed where a river meets an inlet of the sea.
Wetlands	Landscapes that are covered with water for at least part of the year.
Groundwater	Water found below ground.
Water Table	The groundwater level at which all the cracks and spaces in rock are filled with water.
Humus	Broken-down plant and animal matter in soil.
Leaching	Downward movement of minerals and humus in soils.
Contour Plowing	Plowing fields across a hill, rather than up and down the hill.
Soil Exhaustion	A condition in which soil has lost nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming.
Crop Rotation	The practice of planting different crops in a field in alternating years.
Irrigation	A process in which water is artificially supplied to the land.
Soil Salinization	Salt build-up in the soil.
Deforestation	Destruction or loss of forests.
Reforestation

Created by: 58knasims

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