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Ch. 21,22,23,
Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 B.C. |
| Civilization | An advanced culture. |
| Monotheism | The belief in one God. |
| Protectorates | An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power. |
| Chaparral | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub. |
| Poaching | Illegal hunting. |
| Mosques | An Islamic place of religious worship. |
| Muezzin | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret. |
| Minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mask. |
| Desalination plants | The process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation. |
| Nomads | A person who travels from place to place. |
| Trade deficit | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports. |
| Trade surplus | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports. |
| Autonomy | Independence. |
| Genocide | The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a people. |
| Nationalism | Pride in one's nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation. |
| Chernozem | A rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands. |
| Fundamentalism | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text. |
| Yurt | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins. |
| Desertification | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention. |
| Mandate | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern territory. |
| Zionist | A member of a movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state. |
| Self-determination | The right of a people to decide their own political future. |
| Drip irrigation | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto the plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resources in dry areas. |
| Potash | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizer. |
| Fertile Crescent | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed. |
| Militia | A citizen army. |
| Anarchy | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness. |
| Embargo | A severe restriction of trade with other countries. |
| Infrastructure | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools. |
| Falaj system | In the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals. |
| Secular | Worldly, not relating to to religion. |
| Shah | The title of the former ruler of Iran. |
| Ayatollah | A religious leader among Shiite Muslims. |