click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 18-20 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| domestication | The process of training and breeding animals for use by humans |
| communism | A system of government in which the government controls the means of production, in what goods will be made, how much workers will be paid, and how much items will cost |
| Eurasia | The name some geographers suggest should be used for the landmass of Europe and Asia |
| inland sea | A sea that is almost completely surrounded by land |
| tundra | A dry, treeless plain where temperatures are always cool or cold and only specialized plants can grow |
| taiga | Thinly scattered, coniferous forests found in Europe or Asia |
| steppe | A temperate grassland found in Europe and Asia |
| multiethnic | Composed of many ethnic groups |
| ethnic group | People who share such things as culture, language, and religion |
| acid rain | Rain whose high concentration of chemicals, usually from industrial pollution, pollutes water, kills plant and animal life, and eats away at the surface of stone and rock; a form of chemical weathering |
| infant mortality | The number of children per 1,000 live births who die within the first year |
| maternal mortality | The number of women who died due to pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births |
| life expectancy | The number of years an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics |
| national identity | A people's sense of what makes them a nation |
| ghetto | A section of a city in which a particular minority group is forced to live |
| Holocaust | The execution of 6 million Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II |
| velvet revolution | A revolution without bloodshed, which took place in Czechoslovakia during the late 1980s |
| collective farm | A government-owned farm managed by workers who share profits from their produce |
| privatization | The process of selling government-owned industries and businesses to private owners |
| balkanize | To break up into small, mutually hostile political units, as occurred in the Balkans after World War I |
| entrepeneur | A go-getter individual who starts and builds a business |
| multiplier effect | The effect an investment has in multiplying related jobs throughout the economy |
| annex | To formally incorporate into a country or state the territory of another |
| diversify | To increase the variety of |
| chernozem | A rich topsoil found in Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands |
| permafrost | A layer of soil just below the earth's surface that stays permanently frozen |
| czar | An emperor of Russia |
| soviet | In the former Soviet Union, any one of various governing councils |
| command economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
| glasnost | A policy of openness introduced in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s |
| perestroika | In the former Soviet Union, a policy of economic restructuring |
| ruble | The currency of Russia |
| black market | The system of selling goods and services outside of official channels |
| abdicate | To surrender one's office, throne, or authority |