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Chapter 3-4 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs |
| population density | the average number of people living in a given area |
| birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1,000 people |
| immigrant | a person who moves into a country |
| emigrant | a person who leaves a country to live elsewhere |
| urbanization | the growth of city population |
| rural | of, or characteristic of, the countryside |
| culture hearth | a place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures |
| cultural convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another |
| diffusion | the process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or one individual to another |
| cultural divergence | the restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| sovereignty | a countries freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| unitary system | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power |
| federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local government |
| confederation | a system of government in which indivual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| authoritarian | descriptive of a system or government in which the leaders hold all political power |
| dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is help by a small group or one person |
| monarchy | a system of authorized government headed by a monarch, whos position is usally inherited |
| democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policies |
| traditional economy | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods |
| market economy | an economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
| command economy | and economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
| totalitarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society |
| natural resource | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
| renewable resource | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
| nonrenewable resource | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
| fossil fuel | any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel |
| nuclear energy | a type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy |
| water power | energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| geothermal energy | energy produced from the earth's intense interior heat |
| solar energy | energy produced by the sun |
| primary economic activity | an economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining |
| subsistence farming | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
| commercial farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets |
| secondary economic activity | an economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products for greater value |
| cottage industry | a small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near peoples homes |
| commercial industry | a large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods |
| tertiary economic activity | an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
| quaternary economic activity | an economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing information, such as education or research |
| export | an item that is sent out of the country for sale |
| import | an item that is brought into the country for sale |
Created by:
MakailaTyer21
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