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"geo wilsonm2
World Geography Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group. |
| Society | identity and culture a group that shares a geographic region, a common language, and a sense of |
| Ethnic group | a group of people who share language, customs, and a common heritage |
| Diffusion | the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior to different societies |
| Acculturation | the cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt in innovation. |
| Dialect | a version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns due to class, region, or cultural changes. |
| Religion | the belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe, as well as they system of beliefs itself |
| Mortality rate | the number of deaths per thousand |
| Infant mortality rate | the number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live births. |
| Birthrate | the number of live births per total population, often expressed per thousand population |
| Rate of natural increase | also called population growth rate-the rate at which population is growing, found by subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate |
| Push factor | a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region |
| Pull factor | a factor that draw or attracts people to another location |
| Population density | the average number of people who live in a measurable area, reached by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they occupy |
| Carrying capacity | the number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects. |
| State | a political term describing an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs |
| Nation | a group of people who a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity |
| Population pyramid | a graphic device that shows gender and age distribution of a population |
| Nation-state | the name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory |
| Monarchy | a type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies |
| Communism | a system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production |
| Democracy | a type of government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives |
| Dictatorship | a type of government in which and individual or a group holds complete political power. |
| Communism | a system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production |
| Landlocked | having no outlet to the sea |
| Urban geography | the study of how people use space in cities |
| City | an area that is the center of business and culture and has a large population |
| Central business district (CBD) | the core of a city, which is almost always based on commercial activity. |
| Economy | the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people |
| Economic system | the way people produce and exchange goods |
| Command economy | a type of economic system in which production of goods, and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production, also called a planned economy. |
| Market economy | a type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand form consumers also called a demand economy or capitalism |
| Natural resource | a material on or in the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, that has economic value |
| Infrastructure | the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems. |
| Per capita income | the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a period of time |
| Gross National Product (GNP) | the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a period of time |
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