Question | Answer |
Living things are the main focus of what type of science | Biological Science |
Nonliving things are the main focus of what type of science | Physical Science |
The study of the composition, structure, and properities of matter, the processes thata matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. | Chemistry |
What happens when electrons hit a material | They scatter and produce a pattern that shows the materials microstructure. |
Invisible rays are called | X ray also used to determine microstructures |
An instrument used to measure the mass of materials. | Balance |
The visible things all around you | macrostructures |
The study of most carbon-containing compounds | organic chemistry |
The study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics | Inorganic chemistry |
The study of the properties and changes of matterand their relation to energy | Physical chemistry |
The identification of the components and composition of materials | Analystical chemisry |
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things | Biochemistry |
The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds | Theoretical chemistry |
Any substance that has a definitie composition | Chemical |
Name the six branches of study in chemistry | Organic, inorganic, physical, analystical, biochemistry, theoretical |
Research carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properites of a substance are. | Basic Research |
Research that is carried out to solve a problem. | Applied Research |
The production and use of products that improve our quality of life. | Technological Development |
The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies | Volume |
Anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
All matter has what | volume and mass |
The measure of the amount of matter | Mass |
The fundamental building blocks of matter | atoms and molecules |
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element | Atom |
A pure substance tha cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom | Element |
An element that contains one kind of atom | Carbon |
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances | Compound |
Made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. | Compound |
An example of a compound | Water |
The smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of that element or compound | molecule |
Can help to reveal the identity of an unknown substance | Properties |
Depend on the amount of matter that is present; such as volume, mass, & the amount of energy in a substance | Extensive Properties |
Do not depend on the amount of matter present, such as teh melting point, boiling point, density, & ability to conduct electricity and to transfer energy as heat | Intensive properties |
True or False: Intensive properties are the same for a given substance regardless of how much of teh substance is present. | True |
Properties can also be grouped into two general types | Physical properties and chemical properties |
A Characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance | Physical property |
Example of physical property | melting point & boiling point |
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance | Physical change |
A physical change of a substnace from one state to another | Change of state |
What is the three most common states of matter | solid, liquid, gas |
What state of matter has a definite volume and defintie shape | Solid |
What state of matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape | Liquid (assumes the shape of its container) |
What state of matter has neither definite volumne nor definite shape | Gas |
A high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. | Plasma |
An example of where plasma is found | Flourescent bulb |
True or False: Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of teh substance | True |
True or False: Chemical properites can be observed without changing the identity of the substance | False |
Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. | Chemical property |
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called | chemical change or chemical reaction |
The substances that are formed by the chemical change are called | products |
Molecules are close together in what state of water | solid and liquid |
Molecules are far apart in what state of water | gas |
True or False: Molecules in the solid state are fixed | True |
True or False: Molecules in the liquid and gas states can flow around each other | True |
Chemical changes do or do not affect teh total amount of matter present before and after a reaction | It does not |
True or False: Energy is always involved when physical or chemical chanes | True |
What law indicates that although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created. It assumes a different form. | The law of conservation of energy. |
The substance whose composition is the same throughout and does not vary from sample to sample. | pure substance |
This contains more than one substance and can vary in composition and properities from sample to sample & sometimes from one part of a sample to another part. | Mixure |
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own idenity and properities. | mixture |
A mixture that is uniformed in composition | homogeneous (they have the same properities of components throughout. |
What are homogeneous mixtures called | solutions |
Mixtures that are not unformed throughout are called | heterogeneous |
How are some mixtures separated | By filtration or vaporized |
What is used to separate some mixtures of dyes or pigments | paper chromatogeraphy |
How does a pure substance differs from a mixture | 1. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properities. 2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly teh same composition |
What type of substance is either compounds or elements | Pure Substance |
What can be decomposed or broken down into two or more simplier compounds or elements by a chemical change | Compound |
Name chemical grades of purity | ACS (American Chemical Society, USP (United States Parmacopocia), CP (Chemically pure), NF ()National Formulary), FCC (Food Chemical Code), Technical |
What is the organization of of elements into groups based on similar chemical properities? | Periodic Table |
The vertical columns of the periodic table is called | Groups or families |
The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table is called | Periods |
Name the two sections of teh Periodic table | metals and nonmetals |
Where are the metals located on the periodic table | left & in the center |
Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table | right |
List properities of metal | shininess or metallic luster |
An element that has a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor | Metal |
Many nonmetals are what | gases |
An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. | nonmetal |
an element that has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals. | metalloid |
The elements that are in Group 18 of the periodic table that are generally unreactive | noble gases |