Question | Answer |
Vmax | Maximal velocity of an enzyme catalyzed rxn |
Km | the amt of substrate required to reach 1/2Vmax |
What happens to Km and Vmax with a competitive inhibitor | Incr. Km and No change in Vmax |
What happens to Km and Vmax with a non-competitive inhibitor | No change in Km and Decr. in Vmax |
Thiamine AKA | B1 |
Riboflavin AKA | B2 |
Niacin AKA | B3 |
Pantothenate AKA | B5 |
Pyridoxine AKA | B6 |
Biotin AKA | B7 |
Cobalamin AKA | B12 |
Thiamine B1 Active form (enzyme) | Thiamine Pyrophosphate TTP |
Riboflavin B2 Active form (enzyme) | FAD and FMN (KREBS) |
Niacin B3 Active form (enzyme) | NAD and NADP (KREBS) |
Pantothenate B5 Active form (enzyme) | CoA |
Pyridoxine B6 Active form (enzyme) | Pyridoxal Phosphate |
Biotin B7 Active form (enzyme) | Bioctivin |
Folic Acid Active form (enzyme) | Tetrahydrofolate |
Cobalamin B12 Active form (enzyme) | Methylcobalamin |
Thiamine B1: What reaction is this vit used in? | Decarboxylation |
Riboflavin B2: What reaction is this vit used in? | Redox Rxn |
Niacin B3: What reaction is this vit used in? | Redox Rxn (Glycolysis) |
Pyridoxine B6: What reaction is this vit used in? | Transaminations (amino acid metabolism) |
Biotin B7: What reaction is this vit used in? | Carboxylations |
Folic Acid: What reaction is this vit used in? | Onc C transfers |
Vit C: What reaction is this vit used in? | Hydroxylation of Proline, Lysine in collagen |
Thiamine B1: Disease | Beri Beri
Alcoholics
Wernickes
Korsakoffs Syndrome |
Riboflavin B2: Disease | Chelosis (cracked corners of mouth)
Magenta Tongue |
Niacin B3: Disease | Pellegra (4D's):
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dimentia
Death |
Pantothenic Acid B5: Disease | Burning Foot Syndrome |
Pyridoxine B6: Disease | Infants- Convulsions
Adults- Anemia |
Biotin B7: Disease | Glossitis
Dermatitis |
Folic Acid: Disease | Megaloblastic/Macrocytic Anemia |
Cobalamin B12: Disease | Pernicious/Macrocytic Anemia |
Vit C: Disease | Scurvy |
Fat Soluble Vits | ADEK |
Vit A: Co-enzyme | Retinoic Acid |
Vit D: Co-enzyme | 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol |
Vit E: Stored in | Adipose, Liver and Muscle |
Vit E: Requires what for absorption | Bile salts and fat |
Vit K: Stored in | Liver and Spleen |
Vit K AKA | Quinone |
Vit E AKA | Tocopherol |
Vit D AKA | Cholecalciferol |
Vit A: Fxn | Vision, growth |
Vit D: Fxn | Absorbs calcium from gut, Calcium and phosphate metabolism |
Vit E: Fxn | Lipid AOX |
Vit K: Fxn | Makes prothrombin in liver, Blood clotting, precursor to Co-Q |
Vit A: Disease | Night blindness, Bitot spots |
Vit D: Disease | Kids: Rickets (bow legs)
Adults: Osteomalacia (Bone soft) |
Vit E: Disease | Hemolytic Anemia, Muscular dystrophy, sterility |
Vit K: Disease | Clotting disorders |
Calcium: Fxn | Component of Bone, Musc contraction, Nerve regulation |
Calcium: Regulated by | Vit D: Gut --> Blood
CalcitonIN: Blood --> Bone
PTH: Bone --> Blood (Parathyroid) |
Calcium: Deficiency & Toxicity | Decr: Rickets, Osteomalacia, Tetany
Incr: Reduced musc tone, Ca deposits in soft tissue, Renal fail |
Phosphorus: Fxn | Found in bone, ATP, Nucleic Acids |
Phosphorus: Regulated by | Kidney |
Phosphorus: Deficiency & Toxicity | Decr: Rickets, Osteomalacia, renal dysfunction
Incr: Bone loss |
Sodium: Fxn | H2O distribution, osmosis, AP, Bicarb |
Sodium: Regulated by | Aldosterone |
Sodium: Deficiency & Toxicity | Decr: HYPOnatremia, confusion, coma
Incr: HYPERtension |
Potassium: Fxn | Nerve and musc AP |
Potassium: Regulated by | Aldosterone |
Potassium: Deficiency & Toxicity | Decr: Musc weakness
Incr: Cardiac arrest |
Chlorine: Fxn | H2O balance |
Chlorine: Deficiency & Toxicity | Secondary to vomit |
Magnesium: Fxn | Found in Bone
Co-factor of Kinase
Needed for Glucose Breakdown |
Magnesium: Deficiency & Toxicity | Decr: Diabetes, HYPERtension, increases blood cholesterol, spasms BVs
Incr: Poisoning (like Parkinsons) |
Chromium: Fxn | Glucose transport
Helps bind Insulin to cell |
Chromium: Disease | Impaired glucose tolerance |
Cobalt: Disease | Macrocytic/Pernicious Anemia |
Copper: Fxn | Part of ETC
Transported by Albumin
Melanin Formation |
Copper: Disease | Menke's Syndrome (CNS, die in infancy) |
Iodine: Fxn | Part of Thyroxine
Stored as Thyroglobulin in thyroid |
Iodine: Disease | Kid: Creatinism
Adults: Goiter, Myxedema |
Iron: Fxn | Part of heme, hemoglobin, cytochromes
Transported as: TRANSferrin
Stored as: FerriTIN |
Iron: Disease | Hypochromic/Microcytic Anemia |
Manganese: Fxn | Co-factor of decarboxylase
Hemoglobin
Forms Urea
Growth
Reproduction |
Manganese: Disease | Ligamentous healing |
Selenium: Fxn | Co-factor of Glutathione Peroxidase
Synergistic with Vit E |
Selenium: Disease | Decr: Cardiomyopathy
Incr: Hair/Nail loss |
Zinc: Fxn | Co-factor of Carbonic anhydrase |
Zinc: Disease | Neuro damage, impaired wound healing |
Flourine: Fxn | Increases hardness of teeth |
Flourine:Disease | Dental caries |
Which enzyme family functions in moving hydrogen | Oxidoreductase |
Which enzyme family has the cofactors: NAD/FAD/NADP | Oxidoreductase |
Which enzyme family does G3P Dehydrogenase belong in? | Oxidoreductase |
Which enzyme family does any enzyme with the ending "dehydrogenase" belong in | Oxidoreductase |
Which enzyme family functions in splitting molecules into two by adding water? | Hydrolase |
Which enzyme family is found in most of the digestive system? | Hydrolase |
Which enzyme family ends in "ase" | Hydrolase |
Which enzyme family joins two molecules together | Ligase |
Which enzyme family is ATP synthetase an example of? | Ligase |
Which enzyme family transfers a phosphate | Kinase |
Which enzyme family has the cofactors ATP and Mg | Kinase |
Which enzyme family is Hexokinase an example of? | Kinase |
Which enzyme family Transers an amino group? | Aminotransferase |
Which enzyme family has a cofactor of Vit B6 | Aminotransferase |
Which enzyme family is SGPT and SGOT an example of? | Aminotransferase |
Which enzyme family transfers a hydroxyl group | Hydroxylase |
Which enzyme family has cofactors Vit C, Cu and Fe | Hydroxylase |
Which enzyme family removes or adds a carboxylase | Decarboxylase/Carboxylase |
Which enzyme family has biotin as cofactor | Decarboxylase/Carboxylase |
Which enzyme family has pyruvate carboxylase as an example | Decarboxylase/Carboxylase |