Question | Answer |
Agricultural Revolution | Food producing revolution. Middle east, 10,000 years ago. Domestication of plants and animals. |
Brain drain | Exodus of educated/ skilled people from a poor country to a rich country. |
Deforestation | Removal of trees by people or their livestock. Global warming as a result. |
Digital divide | % of people in the world that have access to computers vs. those who don't. |
Domestication | Control breeding and cultivation of plants and animals. |
Dry farming | Africa, Asia, India. Planting and harvesting according to seasonal rainfall cycle. |
Extensive land use | Requires use of large area. An area of hunting/ gathering |
Globalization | Spread of free trade, free markets and ideas across state borders. |
GDP | Gross domestic product. Value of goods and services produced in a country in a given YEAR. |
GNP | Gross national product. Value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year + transactions from products abroad. |
Guest workers | Migrant from less developed countries who rare employed sometimes illegally i the MDCs. |
Hunting and gathering | Mode of livelihood based on hunting animals and gathering plants. |
Industrial Revolution | Europe, 1750 |
Intensive land use | Requires the use of a small area. An area of farms or gardens. |
Irrigation | Artificial placement of water to produce crops. |
Less Developed Countries | World's poorer countries. Africa. High population growth rate, low life expectancy, no middle class. |
Malthusian scenario | Model that states that human population will out-pace any food production. More people, but not enough food. |
Migration | Temporary periodic or permanent move to a new location. BOTH increase and decrease. |
More developed countries | World's wealthier countries. |
Multinational companies. | Companies that operate at least in part outside of home countries. Ex: GM, McDonald's. |
Newly industrializing countries | More prosperous of LDCs. China and Brazil. |
Push and pull factors of migration | Push- pushes away. Disaster.
Pull- pulls you to. Jobs. |
Zero population growth | Births and deaths are equal. |
Aquaculture | Science, art and business of cultivating freshwater fish. |
Biodiversity | Number and variety of organisms found within a specified region. |
Biomes | Worlds major communities classified according to their prominent vegetation. 1. Fresh water 2. Marine water 3. Desert 4. Forest. 5. Grassland 6. Tundra |
Climate | Long term weather phenomenon |
Continental drift | Relates to plate movement. Pangea. Wegener 1960. |
Front | Boundary separating two air masses. |
Green revolution | 1965- introduction of high healing seeds, fertilizers, and cultivation techniques. |
Hydrologic cycle | Water cycle |
Hydrosphere | Compromised of oceans. 71% of earth is water. One of 4 earth's spheres. |
Kyoto Protocol | 1997 UN convention in Japan; global warming. |
Montreal Protocol | 1989- Vienna; ozone layer |
Natural hazards | A threat of a naturally occurring went that will have a negative effect on people/ environment. Ex: earthquake, tsunamis, drought, etc. |
Richter scale | Measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake; 1-10. |
Tsunami | Large earth waves caused by an underwater earthquake. |
Weather | Short term atmospheric phenomenon |
Xerophytic | A dry plant that is able to adapt with little water. |
Precipitation | Atmospheric water. Rain, snow, sleet and hail. #1: rain. |
Geography | Study of earth |
Regions | Unit of earths surface that contains distinct patterns of physical features and human development. |
Cartography | Art and science of map making. |
Large sale map | Small area in more detail |
Small scale map | large area in more generalized terms. |
Relative location | Defines a place in relationship to other places. |
Absolute location | Coordinates or addresses. Provides a unique address for each plane. |
Parallels | Parallel to equator. Latitude lines run E-W. |
Meridians | Longitude lines. Run N-S. |
Latitude | Flat. 90N-90S. Parallel. Run E-W. |
Longitude | 180W-180E. Run N-S. |
Equator | 0. Imaginary line running E-W. Latitude |
Tropic of Cancer | 23.5 N |
Tropic of Capricorn | 23.5 S |
Statue mile | Land mile. |
Nautical mile | Sea mile. LONGER than statue mile. |
International date line | Longitude. 180N. Half around world from prime meridian (0. Divides E&W hemisphere). When cross over going W, you add a day. |
Reference maps | Concerned with locations of various features of earth's surface and relationships with each other. Highway map. |
Thematic map | Statistical map with a theme. |
Mental map | Personal geographical information map. |
Geographic Information System | Computerized system to help people analyze, manage and visualize geographic data. |
Geomorphology | Study of land forms. |
Climatology | Study of patterns of climate |
Biogeography | Geography of plants and animals. (False, not the study of plant and animals) |
Political geography | Politics of geography that relate to nationalism, boundaries and military conflict. |