Question | Answer |
According to the text, one of the most important functions of clinical science- and science in general- is to determine ________. | cause and effect |
How are 'independent variables' defined? | aspects of a study that a scientist-practitioner either controls or chooses; do not rely on other variables for their changes |
What is a typical IV for all rehab professionals? | treatment |
How is the independent variable identified? | by the aspect that has changed, not by the conditions that result from the produced change |
How are dependent variables defined? | the outcomes of a study, whether clinical intervention or not; values depend on changes in the IV |
What are some DVs in physical therapy? | range of motion, pain rating, and performance on outcome measures |
What is meant by the statement, 'a dependent variable must be operationally defined'? | the researcher must decide how to MEASURE the outcome |
What are 'intervening variables'? | largely mental processes that supposedly "intervene" between input and outcome; ex- intelligence, motivation, and executive function |
How is 'functional relationship' defined? | some causal relationship between inputs and outcomes |
What are the two major types of functional relationships? | 1. a LINEAR relationships exists when IV changes by a constant amount; 2. a NON-LINEAR relationship exists when constant changes in the IV produce non-equal changes in the DV |
Why are graphs used? | to understand functional relationships among variables |
When is a line graph used? | when the IV represents a continuum of some kind |
When is a bar graph used? | when the values of the IV are not in any hierarchical order |