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Created by: klkoester

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Question	Answer
Intoeing gait is caused from	metatarsus adductus (foot deformity) internal tibila torsion ( rotational deformity) excessive femoral anteversion ( rot deformity)
roational profile for exam of intoeing gait	foot progression angle evaluation of foot prone hip rot thigh foot rot (angle)
morphologci features of MTA	adducted forefoot concave med foot border convex lat foot border
MTA coption orrectable tx	stretching reverse last shoes/straight last shoes education
MTA not correctable passively tx option	stetching casting reverse last shoes surgical release
MTA Surgical options	release adductor hallucis mdial release tarsometrsal capsulotomies multiple metatsal osteomies lateral closing cuboid osteomis opeing cuneform osteotomy
Internal Tibial Tosion tx	NONE rotational tibial osteotomy if >10yrs old medial thigh foot angle >10 degrees
Excessive femoral anteversion	medial foot progression angle medial hip rot > 70 degrees most resolve by ten yrs of age
tx for excessive femoral anteversion	none rotational femoral osteotomy .>10 yrs 80 degrees of prone medial hip rotation
genu varum	physilogic bow legs Blount's Disease
Genu Valgum	knock knees
nomal knee alignment at birth	10-15 degrees varus
normal knee alginment at 18 months	neutral
30-36 months	genu valgum (outgrow in another 18 months part of normal growth
Physiologic bowlegs (varum)	bilateral genu varum in child greater than 2 associated ITT natural hx (spontaneous resolution)
tx for physiolocal bow leg	none
Tibial vara (BLOUNTs disease	proressive varus and ITT defomity of the proximal tibia
etiology of Blount's disease	pathologic compression on the proximal medial tibial results in abnormal growth and development of proximal medial epiphis and pramture physeal closure
who get blount's disease	fmale>males overwight children early walkers african americans
Knocked knees	genu valgum
types of knock knees	physiologic metabolic skeltal dyplasia post traumatic (Cozens adolescence
physicologic gen valgum	normal development 3-5 ys old child
metabolic knocked knees	x-linked hypophosphatemia renal osteodystophy
genu valgu post traumatic (cozen)	s/p proximal tibial metphsis overgorwoth with valgus deformity increasing leg length excellent remoldeling potential
genu valgum adolescence	10-11 yr old females 12-13 males knee pain (medial) large stature
genu valgum tx	hemiephysiodesis guided growth stapling and 8-plating
common foot deformities	calcaneovalgus talipes equinovarus pes planus toe walking
calcaneovalgus	present at birth characterized by forefoot valgus and heel df allowing the dorsal suface to touch the anterior tibia
etiology fo calcaniovalgus	inuterine molding
tx for calcaneovalgus	observation passive stretching seral casting (rarely) rule out tibial bowing
talipes equinovarus	clubfoot: present at birth forefoot adduction and supinated heel pf
etilogy for clubfoot	multifactoral interuterine
morphologic features	dimples oever talus forefoot adduction heel vaur ankle equinus shorter extremitiy smaller calf short smaller foot
clinical feature of club foot	cave principle cavus adductus varus equinus
tx for club foot	treatable but no correctable nonsurgical-->ponseti method (manipulation serial casting 3 months holding splints )
treatment results of clubfoot	abnomal foot decreased size calf atrophy decreased motion pes planus MTA flat top of talus dorsal cubluxation of forefoot
treatment for pes plantus	none
toe walking causes	idiopathic cp myelodysplaia muscular dystrophy
toe walking	bilateral always contracture develops limits df
idopathic toe walking clincal feature	cariable toe walking altered choe wear decreased df normal neuro exam
ideopathic toe walking rx	non operative ( stretching casting bracing and botox reoccurence common) operative achilles tendon lengthening decreased strength reoccurance rare
common hip conditons	transient synovitis and septic arthritis developmetnal dysplasia legg clave perthes slipped capital femoral epiphysis
transient synovitis and septic arthritis	pain decreased ROM refusal to bear weight
transient synovitis	age 3-8 no/low fever no systemic illness inflammatory
septic arthritis	ant greater then 2 fever system ilness infectious
tx for transent synovitis	NSAID
septic arthrits tx	I & D (incision and drainage) sensitive antibiotic
Developmental hip dysplasia	wasterbasket term encompassing all forms of hip instability including subluxation and dilocation
developemental hip dysplasia incidence	incidence; 1-6 in 100 births 40-60 in left hip 20 bilateral famales> males
developmentall hip dysplasia risk factors	first born female positive familiy hx breech presentatino musculoskeletal abnomality
etilogy of developmetn hip dysplasia	multifactorial (genetic disorder, hormonal factors and mechanical factors
dx fo hip dysplasia	physical is more important thanradological exam dynamic us
DHD physical exam	ortolani barlow galeazzi
ortonlani	reduces a dislocated hip
barlow	dilocated hip
galeazzi	leg length shot leg is dislocated
tx for hip dysplasia birth to 6 months	birth to 6 months pavik harness
DHD tx 6-18 months	limited abduction galeazzi test telescoping true shortenign gait abnomalities
complication with DHD	avascualr necrosis with Leg length discrepancy coxa brevis coxa valga DJD
legg clve perthes disease	condition of the immature hip caused by necrosis of al or part of the femoral head which subsequently deforms as necrotic bone is replaced by living bone
stage of leff calve perthes	necrosis 5-7 months fragmetnation 7-months reossification 20-38 months remolding ( until maturity
clinical feature of legg perthes	painful limp groin pain anteriomedial thigh and knee waddling gait atrophic extremtiy decreased ROM ( mid flexion contracture) limited internal rotation and abduction
tx for Legg calve perthes	mainatin ROM head contaitnment (abd orthosis or maybe femoral pelvic osteotomy
exercises for legg calve perthes	butterfly knee to chest standing straddle hip extension prone
prognosis for legg calve perthes	femoral head deformity jt incongruity impingement 86 percent have symptom of DJD before the age of 65
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)	posterior and medial displacement of the