Question | Answer |
Octet Rule | the most stable electron configuration is a completly full valence shell, which is sometime reffered to as "Nobel Gas Configuration" |
Metal v.s. non-metal charges | Metal: Positive charge, Non-metal: negative charge |
Ionization Energy | the energy needed to remove electrons from an atom. Metals have low I.E. and non-metals have high I.E.....IE decreases when going down a family. |
Tranisiton Elements & Octet Rule | Tranisition elements dont follow octet rule, metals still loose but how many is complicated. |
Ionic Compounds Characteristics | -all solids-very stornf bonds-crystalline(regular arrangment)-formula gives ratio-high melting points-generally soluable in water (soluable are electolytes) |
Naming Positive Ions (Cations) | ions w/1 possible charge (1A, IIA, IIIA) is just element name and "ion.".....ions w/more than one possible charge are element name+roman numeral for charge+ion |
Naming Negative ions (Anions) | Prefix + ide +ion |
Polyatomic Ions | group of atoms bound together (molecule) that has an overall charge |
Acid | ionic compound with H+ as the cation |
Base | ionic compound with OH- as the anion (Bases follow regular naming rules) |
Naming Acids when H+ is paired with element | Start w/ "hydro" root, then element root, then "ic." EX: HCI=hydrochloric acid |
Naming Acids when H+ is paired with polyatomic ions | Leave out H in name, root of polyatomic ion and add "ic." EX: H3PO4= phosphoric acid |
Covalent Bonds | e- are shared, formulas no longer simplify, formulas do not represent a ratio but a fixed unit |
Dot stucture of Covalent Compound | all atoms should have octet (excpetion is H) |
Resonance Structure | more than one correct dot/lewis structure. reality is the actual structure of molecules is somwehere in betweeM |
VSEPR | Valence.Sehll.Electorn.Pair.Repulsion |
2 Groups of Electrons | Linear 180 |
3 Groups of Electrons | 120
Electron Structure: trigonal planar
Molecular Structure: bent? |
4 Groups of Electrons | E Structure: Tetrahedral
Molecular Structure: Bent ?
109 |
electronegativity | attraction of atom or nuclues for a shaired pair of electrons |