Question | Answer |
C | Carbon |
F | Fluorine |
H | Hydrogen |
I | Iodine |
N | Nitrogen |
O | Oxygen |
P | Phosphorus |
S | Sulfur |
Al | Aluminum |
Br | Bromine |
Ca | Calcium |
Cl | Chlorine |
He | Helium |
Li | Lithium |
Mg | Magnesium |
Si | Silicon |
Cu | Copper |
Fe | Iron |
Pb | Lead |
Hg | Mercury |
K | Potassium |
Ag | Silver |
Na | Sodium |
Sn | Tin |
homogeneous mixture, variable composition (salt in water) | solutions |
Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc | Physical changes |
Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc | Chemical changes |
separating liquid from solids
differences in solubility | filtration |
differences in ability to form gases | distillation |
differences in ability to adhere to surfaces | chromatography |
proximity of measurement to true value of quantity | accuracy |
proximity of several measurements to each other | precision |
Law of Conservation of Matter | The total mass of substances present at the end of a chemical process is the same as the mass of substances present before the process took place |
Law of Constant Composition | the elemental composition of a pure substance does not vary |
Law of Multiple Proportions | two elements form more than one compound |
Protons are the same as: neutrons or electrons? | Electrons |
Isotopes | Same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
Periods | Horizontal rows |
Groups | Vertical columns |
atomic number= | number of protons |
average atomic mass: | average atomic mass = Σ (abundance ∙ atomic mass) for each isotope |
ionic bond: | metal+nonmetal, electron transfer |
covalent bond: | nonmetals, electron pair sharing |
metallic bond: | metals, electron band sharing |
Diatomic molecules | Occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Be2, I2 |
Group 1A | Alkali Metals |
Group 7A | Halogens |
H20 | water |
NH3 | ammonia |
CH4 | methane |
molecular weight | sum of all atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule, amu |
formula weight | sum of attomic weights for all the atoms in a chemical formula, amu |
Percent composition | (number of atoms)(atomic weight)/(FW of compound) *100 |
cations | positive, formed on left side, lose |
anions | negative, formed on right side, gain |
Group 2A | alkaline earth metals |
Group 6A | chalcogens |
Na2S | sodium sulfide |
CaO | Calcium oxide |
BaCl2 | barium chloride |
CaF2 | calcium fluoride |
K2O | potassium oxide |
per-ate | 4 oxygens |
ate | 3 oxygens |
-ic acid | acid of ate anion |
-ous acid | acid of ite anion |
HCl | hydrochloric acid |
HNO3 | nitric acid |
H2SO4 | sulfuric acid |
HBr | hydrobromic acid |
HI | hydroiodic acid |
HClO3 | chloric acid |
HCL04 | perchloric acid |
NH4+ | ammonium |
CO32- | carbonate |
NO3- | nitrate |
PO43- | phosphate |
SO32- | sulfite |
ClO3- | chlorate |
ClO4- | perchlorate |
formula weight (amu) is same number as molar mass (g/mol) | |
polyatomic ion | hydroxide, OH-, |
CH3COO− | acetate |
C6H5COO− | Benzoate |
HCO3- | bicarbonate |
CO32- | carbonate |
CN- | cyanide |
OH- | hydroxide |
NO3- | nitrate |
PO43- | phosphate |
SO42- | sulfate |
NH4+ | ammonium |
H3O+ | hyrdonium |
Hg22+ | Mercury (I) |
C7H7+ | Tropylium |
H- | hydride |
ClO4- | perchlorate |
ClO3- | Chlorate |
ClO2- | Chlorite |
CN- | Cyanide |
ClO- | Hypochlorite |
NO3- | Nitrate |
NO2- | Nitrite |
NH4+ | Ammonium |
H3O+ | Hydronium |
Hg22+ | Mercury (I) |