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Chem 177
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| C | Carbon |
| F | Fluorine |
| H | Hydrogen |
| I | Iodine |
| N | Nitrogen |
| O | Oxygen |
| P | Phosphorus |
| S | Sulfur |
| Al | Aluminum |
| Br | Bromine |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| He | Helium |
| Li | Lithium |
| Mg | Magnesium |
| Si | Silicon |
| Cu | Copper |
| Fe | Iron |
| Pb | Lead |
| Hg | Mercury |
| K | Potassium |
| Ag | Silver |
| Na | Sodium |
| Sn | Tin |
| homogeneous mixture, variable composition (salt in water) | solutions |
| Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc | Physical changes |
| Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc | Chemical changes |
| separating liquid from solids differences in solubility | filtration |
| differences in ability to form gases | distillation |
| differences in ability to adhere to surfaces | chromatography |
| proximity of measurement to true value of quantity | accuracy |
| proximity of several measurements to each other | precision |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | The total mass of substances present at the end of a chemical process is the same as the mass of substances present before the process took place |
| Law of Constant Composition | the elemental composition of a pure substance does not vary |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | two elements form more than one compound |
| Protons are the same as: neutrons or electrons? | Electrons |
| Isotopes | Same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
| Periods | Horizontal rows |
| Groups | Vertical columns |
| atomic number= | number of protons |
| average atomic mass: | average atomic mass = Σ (abundance ∙ atomic mass) for each isotope |
| ionic bond: | metal+nonmetal, electron transfer |
| covalent bond: | nonmetals, electron pair sharing |
| metallic bond: | metals, electron band sharing |
| Diatomic molecules | Occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Be2, I2 |
| Group 1A | Alkali Metals |
| Group 7A | Halogens |
| H20 | water |
| NH3 | ammonia |
| CH4 | methane |
| molecular weight | sum of all atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule, amu |
| formula weight | sum of attomic weights for all the atoms in a chemical formula, amu |
| Percent composition | (number of atoms)(atomic weight)/(FW of compound) *100 |
| cations | positive, formed on left side, lose |
| anions | negative, formed on right side, gain |
| Group 2A | alkaline earth metals |
| Group 6A | chalcogens |
| Na2S | sodium sulfide |
| CaO | Calcium oxide |
| BaCl2 | barium chloride |
| CaF2 | calcium fluoride |
| K2O | potassium oxide |
| per-ate | 4 oxygens |
| ate | 3 oxygens |
| -ic acid | acid of ate anion |
| -ous acid | acid of ite anion |
| HCl | hydrochloric acid |
| HNO3 | nitric acid |
| H2SO4 | sulfuric acid |
| HBr | hydrobromic acid |
| HI | hydroiodic acid |
| HClO3 | chloric acid |
| HCL04 | perchloric acid |
| NH4+ | ammonium |
| CO32- | carbonate |
| NO3- | nitrate |
| PO43- | phosphate |
| SO32- | sulfite |
| ClO3- | chlorate |
| ClO4- | perchlorate |
| formula weight (amu) is same number as molar mass (g/mol) | |
| polyatomic ion | hydroxide, OH-, |
| CH3COO− | acetate |
| C6H5COO− | Benzoate |
| HCO3- | bicarbonate |
| CO32- | carbonate |
| CN- | cyanide |
| OH- | hydroxide |
| NO3- | nitrate |
| PO43- | phosphate |
| SO42- | sulfate |
| NH4+ | ammonium |
| H3O+ | hyrdonium |
| Hg22+ | Mercury (I) |
| C7H7+ | Tropylium |
| H- | hydride |
| ClO4- | perchlorate |
| ClO3- | Chlorate |
| ClO2- | Chlorite |
| CN- | Cyanide |
| ClO- | Hypochlorite |
| NO3- | Nitrate |
| NO2- | Nitrite |
| NH4+ | Ammonium |
| H3O+ | Hydronium |
| Hg22+ | Mercury (I) |
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