Question | Answer |
staff | set off five horizontal lines on or between which the notes are placed |
pitch | the highness or lowness of a tone |
interval | the distance between two pitches |
octave | interval between notes of the same name |
pitch range | difference between highest and lowest pitch that an instrument can produce |
dynamics | levels of loudness and softness |
forte | loud |
piano | soft |
mezzo | medium |
timbre | distinctive sound quality of an instrument |
3 Musical Elements | Rhythm, Melody, Harmony |
rhythm | ordered flow of music through time |
beat | pulse |
Parts of rhythm | beat, meter, measures, time signature |
meter | organization of beats into regular groups/ beats per measure |
measures | units of organized beats |
downbeat | first beat of each group |
melody | series of notes that add up tp a recognizable whole |
harmony | depth - vertical element |
cadence | punctuation in music that allows the melody and harmony to sound complete |
musical form | organization of musical ideas in time |
4 Parts of Orchestra | Strings, Woodwind, Brass(wind), Percussion |
4 Parts of Choir | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass |
monophonic | one single melodic line/ one note at a time |
homophonic | one melodic line w/ chords and harmony |
polyphony | two or more melodies played at same time |
syllabic | one syllable for every note |
melismatic | one syllable of text and a lot of notes |
Kyrie | only greek text in Roman Catholic liturgy |
5 parts of Ordinary section | Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei |
troubadours | sing love songs |
strophic form | repeating a formal section of music in a song |
through composed form | non-repeating of sections in a song |
400 to 1350 CE | Middle Ages Period |
640 CE | Pope Gregory I began writing music |
725 CE | Pope Gregory II continues progression of writing music |
starts in plainchant and ends in gregorian chant | The Middle ages startes with what type of music and ended with what? |
neumes | earliest form of written chanting |
Hildegard of Bingen | early female composer of sacred music/ monophonic and written in unmeasured rhythms |
Leonin and Perotin | created earliest polyphonic works that had unmeasured rhythm - involved in sacred music |
organa | two melodies moving at same time with unmeasured rhythm |
Guillaume de Machaut | wrote one of the earliest polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass |
Secular music | was non-religious and couuld be written in the vernacular instead of Latin |
secular music songs by troubadours | their music was strophic in form and monophonic |
motet | second set of words added to the chant |
1351 to 1600 | Renaissance period |
Josquin des Prez | composed Ave Maria and wrote many sacred motets during renaissance period |
Giovanni Palestrina | during Renaissance period helped stopped church from abandoning polyphony texture of music |
Madrigal | principle form of secular music during the Renaissance - a poem set to music - present in Italy and England |
Chanson | Renaissance period songs in France that were essentially homophonic |
ayres | lute songs in renaissance |
Lied | german form of Madrigal |
Praetorius | german composer of late renaissance who wrote many chorales |