Question | Answer |
Charge of a Proton? | +1 |
What is a negative ion? | An anion |
What is a positive ion? | A cation |
2 Giant Covalent structures? | Silicon Dioxide and Diamond |
Giant covalent structures are ______ and ______ | Giant covalent structures are REGULAR and LARGE |
Metals could be considered a ______ of metal ____. | Metals could be considered a LATTICE of metal ATOMS. |
What 'holds' a metallicaly bonded structure together? | Strong intermolecular forces between the poisitivly charged ions and the negative 'sea' of electrons |
What is the definition for the 'sea' of electrons? | Delocalised Electrons |
Ionic substances have a ___ melting point because of ____ forces between ______ ______ _____. | Ionic substances have a HIGH melting point because of STRONG forces between OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS. |
Ionic solutions are ______. | Ionic solutions are CONDUCTIVE. (Will carry electricity) |
Negativly charged ions go to the _____? | They go to the ANODE. |
Positivly charged ions go to the ____? | They go to the CATHODE. |
What is Oxidation/Reduction? (Remember Mr. Penrose) | It is Loss/Gaining of Electrons - OILRIG or LEO the lion says GER. |
Will a :
- ionic SOLID conduct electricity?
- Molten ionic compound conduct electricty?
- Ionic compound in solution conduct electricty? | - No (Fixed Ions)
- Yes (Free Electrons)
- Yes |
The forces that hold together covalent bonds are equally as strong in ____
compounds as in _____ compounds. | The forces that hold together covalent bonds are equally as strong in COVALENT
compounds as in IONIC compounds. |
The bonds between each different
molecule in a covalent compound are very weak. This is called what? | Having weak inter-molecular forces. |
3 Special properties of diamond? | It is very hard, has high melting/boiling points and is very chemically
unreactive |
____ number - ____ number = Neutron number | MASS number - ATOMIC number = Neutron number |
An isotope has differing amounts of what? | Neutrons |
Different amounts on Neutrons can make it what? | Radioactive (Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239, P2 Revision Baby!) |
Empirical formula when 9g of Al reacts with 35.5g of Cl? | AlCl3 |
How is yield calculated? | Useful Product / Maximum Possible (x100 for %age) |
How is atom economy calculated? | Useful Relative formula Mass/ Total Relative formula Mass |
What's the name of a reaction that could go 'Both Ways'? | A Reversible Reaction |
Where is nitrogen and Hydrogen obtained from for the Haber Process? | The Air, and Methane respectively. |
What type of catalyst is used in the Haber Process? | an Iron One |
What Pressure and What temperature is used in the Haber Process? | 200 Atms and 450C |
How is ammonia removed from the resulting mixture? | the gases are cooled - and Ammonia turns into a liquid. |
What happens to the remaining gases? | They are returned into the system (recycled) |
Whats the equation of the Haber Process? | N2 +3H2 <-> 2NH3 |
3 ways collison theory can be used? (By doing this ____ - the particles do this - which makes More product/a faster reaction) | - Increased temperature = Faster particles = More collisions
-Surface Area = More area for collisions to happen
-Increased Pressure (Gases) / Concentration (Liquids) |
What does an exothermic reaction do? | Give out heat to the surroundings. |
What does the electrolysis of brine produce? | - Hydrogen (At the positive electrode)
- Chlorine (At the Negative Electrode)
- This leaves behind Sodium (Na+ and Hydroxide ions(from the water)) to produce Sodium Hydroxide - A Strong Alkali |
A pH of 8-14 makes a substance what? | Alkaline |
What is a base? | A Substance that will neutralise an acid. |
Acid + Metal = ? | Salt + Hydrogen
(With any element above Hydrogen in the reactivity series) (The most reactive elements are too dangerous to be done (E.g. Potassium + Caesium) |
Acid + Base = ? | Salt + Water
(Bases are metal oxides or metal hydroxides) |
Acid + Alkali = ? | Soluble Salt + Water |
How is an insoluble salt made? | Mix two soluble salts that contain the correct ions - Such as LEAD Nitrate and Potassium IODIDE - To form LEAD IODIDE - A precipitate that could be filtered and Dried |
Ammonia Solution can be used to make what? | Ammonia Nitrate - A Fertilizer |