Question | Answer |
GENETICS | the scietific study of genes/inheritance. |
DOMINANT | trait that shows up on an organism |
RECESSIVE | trait that is hidden and weaker, an allele that is covered up when a dominant allele is present. (Aa, Dd, Bb) recessive alleles-lower case letters |
HOMOZYGOUS | possesing identical alleles for a trait |
HETEROZYGOUS | an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
GENOTYPE | an organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations |
PHENOTYPE | organisms physical apperance or visable traits |
CO-DOMINANCE | both alleles appear equally in the phenotype |
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE | a condition tht results when genes produce a trait somewhere in between the traits of the parents. |
MUTATION | a change in DNA or chromosomes |
NATURE | the actual inheritence of a gene |
NURTURE | what you have to be taught |
PEDIGREE | a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
DOMINANT PEDIGREE | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
RECESSIVE PEDIGREE | an alllele that is masked when a dominant allele is present--- the weaker gene that is hidden when a dominant gene is present |
CARRIER | an individual that carries one gene for a recessive trait. A carrier does not express that trait, but when mated with another can produce offspring that do. |
XX x-comes from mom
x-comes from dad | GIRL |
XY X-comes from mom
y-comes from dad | boy |
OFFSPRING | Used to refer to non-human organisms resulting from reproduction (in humans = children) |
CYSTIC FIBROSIS | hereditary disease - secretion of excesssively viscous mucus by exocrine glands white children |
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | mitosis in the absence of gametes; the offspring are identical to the parent |
MARFAN SYNDROME | Genetic disease that results from a change in a single gene on chromosome 15. The body's connective tissue is affected. |
TAY-SACHS DISEASE | effects the nervous system, recessive inherited disease in which a baby's brain cells cannot metabolize gangliosides, a type of lipid, because a crucial enzyme is disfunctional |
SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA | change in shape of red blood cells, recessive disease caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin of red blood cells |
DNA FINGERPRINTING USES (3 WAYS) | Diagnosis of Inherited Disorders
Developing Cures for Inherited Disorders
link suspects to biological evidence - blood or semen stains, hair, or items of clothing - found at the scene of a crime. |
DISADVANTAGES OF GENETIC DISEASE TESTING (3 TRADE OFFS) | Could be denied medical coverage,
reproductiion decisions, and
test for something that has no cure |
WHY ARE FRUIT FLIES CHOSEN TO STUDY GENETICS | they breed fast (2 weeks) and only have 4 pairs of chromosomes |
Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of allelles that can result from a genetic cross |
Punnett square is used for what type of reproduction | ) all of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross 2)Determines the probability of a particular outcome |
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | reproduction involving the union of gametes |
Offspring of sexual reproduction receive genetic material from ___ parent(s) | 2 |
Offspring of asexual reproduction receive genetic material from ___ parent(s) | 1 |
Most human cells have ___ copies of each chromosome | 2 |
List 3 organisms that reproduce sexually | humans, ferrets, reptiles |
Single celled organisms usually reproduce | asexually, by dividing and producing two identical copies of themselves. |
Multicellular organisms reproduce | Sexually |
Place in order from smallest to largest | DNA, Chromosomes, nucleus, cell |
Gregor Mendel | father of modern genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Mendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows particular laws, which were later named after him. |
What is fertilization and in what type of reproduction does occur? | the combining of an egg and a sperm to create a new individual |
Traits can be determine by what 2 things? | loci: inferring mode of inheritance and estimating penetrance. |