Question | Answer |
electron-dot structure | Element's symbol surrounded by dots represents valence electrons. (counter-clockwise) |
valence electrons | The electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element. (determined vertically) |
principal quantum number | assigned by the quantum mechanical model to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals. (n) |
principal energy level | 7 major energy levels of an atom |
energy sublevels | energy levels in a principal energy level. (spdf) |
electron configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom. |
aufbau principle | states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. (no elevator, don't want to drag stuff upstairs) |
Pauli exclusion principle | states that a max of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins. |
Hund's rule | (everyone gets their own room before you start doubling up.) |
electromagnetic radiation | wavelike energy. Described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed. |
wavelength | the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave. expressed in " "-meters. (radiation from microwave harming baby) |
frequency | the number of waves that pass a given point per second. (nu) |
amplitude | height of wave from origin to crest of origin to trough. |
electromagnetic spectrum | (radio waves, microwaves,infrared,ultraviolet,x rays,gamma rays) |
quantum | the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom. |
Planck's constant | 6.626*10-34 J*s, J is joule.(sounds like Plank) |
photoelectric effect | photoelectrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on it. (metal tables blinding you) |
photon | a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy. |
atomic emission spectrum | a set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors. |
ground state | the lowest allowable energy state of an atom. |
quantum number | the number assigned to each orbit of an electron. |
de Broglie equation | predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its freguency, its mass, and Planck's constant. |
Heisenberg uncertainty principle | it is impossible to know both velocity and position of a particle at the same time. |
quantum mechanical model of the atom | atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves. |
atomic orbital | 3-D region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location. |