Question | Answer |
An acid is a | substance whos molecules hield hydrogen ions (H+) |
An acid is composed of a... | hydrogen and anion. |
rule for acid name who's monatomic ions end in -ide (monatomic anions) IE; Cl- (chloride) | Switch -ide to -ic and add the prefix hydro ;
ie; hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
H+ rule concerning old greek ions with -ate or -ite? | Keep prefixes, change -ate to -ic
-ite to ous.
ie, perchlorate to perchloric acid (HClO4) Chlorite-> chlorous acid |
__________ide (add H+) | Hydro_____ic acid |
__________ate (add H+) | ______________ic acid |
__________ite (add H) | ______________ous acid |
Name the prefixes for binary compounds formed between non-metals annnnnd... GO | Mono-, Di-, Tri- Tetra- Penta- Hexa- Hepta- Octa- Nona- Deca- |
Writing rules: in binary molecular compounds, if two elements are in the same group, | The lower is first |
Writing Rules: which element in binary molecular compounds do we name first? | The one closest to the left |
In binary molecular compounds, what is the suffix of the second element? | -ide |
Name that Anion!
F- | Fluoride ion |
Cl- | Chloride ion |
Br- | Bromide |
CN- | cyanide ion |
OH- | Hydroxide ion |
O2- | Oxide ion |
O2 2- | peroxide ion |
S2- | Sulfide |
N3- | Nitride |
CH3COO- | acetate |
CLO4 | Perchlorate ion |
CO3 2- | Carbonate |
SO4 2- | Sulfate |
PO4 3- | phosphate |
H+ | Hydrogen ion |
Ag+ | Silver ion |
MG 2+ | Magnesium ion |
Ca 2+ | calcium ion |
ZN 2+ | Zinc ion |
Al 3+ | aluminum ion |
Rules:
-ous vs. -ic | old method added to latin name, -ous is the smaller charge,, ic is the larger
Fe 2+ ferrous ion Cu+ cuprous
Fe 3+ ferric ion Cu 2+ cupric |
-ium rule? | Cations formed from non-metals |
-ide rule | monatomic anions (ie, H- Hydride ion, O 2- oxide, N 3- nitride |
-ate -ite rule | for oxyanions, polyatomic anions containing oxygen -ate is common, -ite is minus one, hyper___ite is -2 O, per_ate is +1 O |
1A group? | Alkali metals, form 1+ ions |
2A group? | Alkali earth metals (2+ ions) |
7A elements? | halogens 1- ions |
8A elements? | Noble gasses (full valence shell) |
Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen | hydrocarbons |
alkanes... | each carbon is bonded to four other atoms |
Alkane CH4 hydrocarbon | Methane |
Ethane Hydrocarbon | C2H6 |
Propane hydrocarbon | C3H8 |
What is an alcohol? | hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced with functional group -OH |
difference between alkane hydrocarbons and alcohols? | alkanes are colorless gasses under normal conditions, whereas methanol, ethanol, and propanol are colorless liquids |
angstrom | measurement for atom dimensions. 1 A= 10-10m |
mass number | sum of protons and neutrons |
atomic weight | average atomic mass |
majority of periodic table is made up of... | metals |
upper right side of the periodic table | nonmetals |
elements that lie along the lines of the metals and nonmetals | metalloids |
a molecule made up of two atoms | diatomic molecule |
atomic mass units | 1amu = 1.66054 * 10 -24 g |
proton mass | 1.0073 amu |
neutron mass | 1.0087 amu |
electron mass | 5.486 * 10 -4 amu |
nano-
pico- | 10 -9
10 -12 |