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Chem Ia Ch 2
Personal weaknesses for Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An acid is a | substance whos molecules hield hydrogen ions (H+) |
| An acid is composed of a... | hydrogen and anion. |
| rule for acid name who's monatomic ions end in -ide (monatomic anions) IE; Cl- (chloride) | Switch -ide to -ic and add the prefix hydro ; ie; hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
| H+ rule concerning old greek ions with -ate or -ite? | Keep prefixes, change -ate to -ic -ite to ous. ie, perchlorate to perchloric acid (HClO4) Chlorite-> chlorous acid |
| __________ide (add H+) | Hydro_____ic acid |
| __________ate (add H+) | ______________ic acid |
| __________ite (add H) | ______________ous acid |
| Name the prefixes for binary compounds formed between non-metals annnnnd... GO | Mono-, Di-, Tri- Tetra- Penta- Hexa- Hepta- Octa- Nona- Deca- |
| Writing rules: in binary molecular compounds, if two elements are in the same group, | The lower is first |
| Writing Rules: which element in binary molecular compounds do we name first? | The one closest to the left |
| In binary molecular compounds, what is the suffix of the second element? | -ide |
| Name that Anion! F- | Fluoride ion |
| Cl- | Chloride ion |
| Br- | Bromide |
| CN- | cyanide ion |
| OH- | Hydroxide ion |
| O2- | Oxide ion |
| O2 2- | peroxide ion |
| S2- | Sulfide |
| N3- | Nitride |
| CH3COO- | acetate |
| CLO4 | Perchlorate ion |
| CO3 2- | Carbonate |
| SO4 2- | Sulfate |
| PO4 3- | phosphate |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion |
| Ag+ | Silver ion |
| MG 2+ | Magnesium ion |
| Ca 2+ | calcium ion |
| ZN 2+ | Zinc ion |
| Al 3+ | aluminum ion |
| Rules: -ous vs. -ic | old method added to latin name, -ous is the smaller charge,, ic is the larger Fe 2+ ferrous ion Cu+ cuprous Fe 3+ ferric ion Cu 2+ cupric |
| -ium rule? | Cations formed from non-metals |
| -ide rule | monatomic anions (ie, H- Hydride ion, O 2- oxide, N 3- nitride |
| -ate -ite rule | for oxyanions, polyatomic anions containing oxygen -ate is common, -ite is minus one, hyper___ite is -2 O, per_ate is +1 O |
| 1A group? | Alkali metals, form 1+ ions |
| 2A group? | Alkali earth metals (2+ ions) |
| 7A elements? | halogens 1- ions |
| 8A elements? | Noble gasses (full valence shell) |
| Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen | hydrocarbons |
| alkanes... | each carbon is bonded to four other atoms |
| Alkane CH4 hydrocarbon | Methane |
| Ethane Hydrocarbon | C2H6 |
| Propane hydrocarbon | C3H8 |
| What is an alcohol? | hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced with functional group -OH |
| difference between alkane hydrocarbons and alcohols? | alkanes are colorless gasses under normal conditions, whereas methanol, ethanol, and propanol are colorless liquids |
| angstrom | measurement for atom dimensions. 1 A= 10-10m |
| mass number | sum of protons and neutrons |
| atomic weight | average atomic mass |
| majority of periodic table is made up of... | metals |
| upper right side of the periodic table | nonmetals |
| elements that lie along the lines of the metals and nonmetals | metalloids |
| a molecule made up of two atoms | diatomic molecule |
| atomic mass units | 1amu = 1.66054 * 10 -24 g |
| proton mass | 1.0073 amu |
| neutron mass | 1.0087 amu |
| electron mass | 5.486 * 10 -4 amu |
| nano- pico- | 10 -9 10 -12 |
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