Question | Answer |
SItes of injection | One point, split point, multipoint, restricted cervical |
one point | injection and drainage through one point |
split injection | injection at one point, drainage at another |
multipoint (sectional) | two or more injection or drainage sites |
restricted cervical | both common carotids in the start, right jugular for drainage |
Gravity injection | vase like container suspended with a hose attached. 434 lbs/ft of elevation of pressure is gained |
Hand pump (manual) | pressure through a jar |
Bulb syringe | Bulb between jar and body, also had a form of this in a gravity injector |
Air pressure | mechanized pump and tanks |
Electrical injection | reservoir attached to motor causing centrifugal force sucking the fluid |
Pressure | Force required to distribute embalming through the body |
potential pressure | pressure indicated by gauge when fluid is not going into body |
Actual pressure | pressure indicated when fluid is going into the body |
differetial | difference between two, indicates resistance in the body |
Intravascular factors affecting pressure/resistance | size of vessels, condition of vessels, local congestion (coagulation) |
Extravascular factors affecting pressure | weight of viscera, gas in viscera, tumors, acites (edema), contact pressure |
Cause of death and resistance | febrile disease can lead to clotting, swelling from trauma is like edema |
Post mortem interval implications | longer the length the more likely problems are to arise, rigor constricts blood vessels, decomp, gas, discolorations |
Restricted drainage | purposely done by the embalmer to build pressure in the body to help move blood clots |
Progress of the embalming | More fluid increases resistance. The more you have injected, the more resistance you will get |
Primary dilution | Dilution of the concentrated arterial solution by the embalmer |
Formalin, water reaction | CH20 + H2O---> CH2(OH)2 |
Rate of flow | the amount of the solution entering the body measured in oz/min or g/hr. MORE CRUCIAL THAN PRESSURE. A too high rate fo flow will separate the cells and the fluid will go between it and cause distention. |
Index | g/100 mL of water |
Secondary dilution | dilution of already diluted fluid by body fluids. Increased by edema, decreased by dehydration |
Fluid distribution | movement of fluid through arterial, capillary and veinous portions |
fluid diffusion | passage of some elements of the solution from intra to extravascular |
Methods of fluid diffusion | pressure filtration, osmosis, dialysis, gravity filtration |
Pressure filtration | passage of fluid through capillary walls due to positive pressure |
Osmosis | passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from dilute to concentration |
Dialysis | The separation of differing substances in solution due to their differing diffusibility through semipermeable membranes |
Gravity filtration | extravascular settling due to gravity |
Signs of fluid diffusion | Distention of superficial vessels, blood drainage, reduction of lividity, change in skin color, mottling of tissue (orange peel effect due to uneven fluid diffusion) rehydration of tissue, desirable distention of tissue, tissue fixation |
Least reliable sign of diffusion | Tissue fixation |