Question | Answer |
Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
Solvent | The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount. It is the substance in which the solute is dissolved. |
Solution | A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase. |
Aqueous | applied to a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent. When a chemical species has been dissolved in water, this is denoted by writing (aq) after the chemical name. |
Freezing Point depression | the phenomenon that occurs when the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is lowered by adding another compound to it, such that the solution has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent. |
Boiling Point elevation | occurs when the boiling point of a solvent is increased when another compound is added, such that the solution has a higher boiling point than the pure solvent. Boiling point elevation occurs whenever a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent. |
Saturated | saturated refers to a point of maximum concentration, in which no more solute may be dissolved in a solvent. |
Unsaturated | being able to dissolve more solute. |
Supersaturated | the condition in which a liquid has been cooled to a temperature below that at which crystallization normally would occur, without the solid resulting. |
Distillation | the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid. |
Filtering | To pass a liquid or gas through a filter. |
Chromatography | a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency |
Solubility | the maximum quantity of a substance that may be dissolved in another. |
Mixture | two or more substances which have been combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity. |
Homogeneous | refers to a substance that is consistent or uniform throughout its volume. |
Heterogeneous | Having a non-uniform composition |
Suspension | a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy |
Colloid | type of homogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out. |
Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves |
Electrolyte | substance which forms ions in an aqueous solution. |
Nonelectrolyte | substance that does exist in an ionic form in aqueous solution. |
Precipitate | separate as a fine suspension of solid particles |
Ionic equation | An equation that represents all reactants and products that break down into ions in water as their ions. |
Molecular equation | An equation that represents the reactants and products as if they are intact, undissolved compounds |
Spectator ion | an ion that appears as both a reactant and a product in an ionic equation |
Acid | a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons. |
Base | a chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons. |
Neutralization | Reaction between an acid and a base which produces a neutral solution |
Oxidation | the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons |
Reduction | half-reaction in which a chemical species decreases its oxidation number, usually by gaining electrons. |
Molarity | the number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution. |
Molality | equal to the number of moles of solute divided by the number of kilograms of solvent. |
Dilution | reducing the concentration by the addition of water or a thinner |
Titration | when one solution is added to another such that it reacts under conditions in which the added volume may be accurately measured. |
Concentration | the strength of a solution |