Question | Answer |
Atom | The smallest particle currently known. It consists of a positve core and a surrounding space occupied by negative electrons |
Plum-Pudding Model | Showed electrons just floating around everywhere inside a circle, with no order. |
Gold-Foil Experiment | This experiment proved that there was more than empty space in the core of the atoms. |
Orbitals | The model for that atom where electrons orbit the protons and neutrons. |
Nucleus | Located in the atom, it contains protons and neutrons. |
Proton | Have a positive charge, located in the nucleus of the atom, has a mass of 1 amu, the number of protons of each atom of an element are the same. |
Electron | Has a negative charge, is located in a cloud sourrounding the nucleus, has a mass of 1/1836 |
Neutron | Has a neutral charge, located in the nucleus of the atom, has an equal mass to protons at 1 amu, holds atom together. |
Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons, not to be confused with the Atomic Number. |
Atomic Number | The number of protons in any given atom of an element. |
Ion | A non-neutral atom in which the # of electrons is not equal to the # of protons. |
Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have the same # of protons, but different #'s of neutrons |
Atomic Mass | The mass of a specific isotype of a given atom. |
Valence electrons | The outermost electrons of any atom, which are important in determining how the atom reacts chemically with other atoms. |
Octet | A chemistry rule that states atoms tend to combine so that they have 8 electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas |
Excited State | An elevation in energy level from the baseline energy state. |
Ionization Energy | The minimum energy required to remove an electron from its atom in its ground electronic state. |
Electron Affinity | This is the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral species to form a negative ion. |
Electronegativity | This is a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. |