Question | Answer |
building blocks of matter (contain neutrons protons, and electrons) | atoms |
center of an atom (contains protons and neutrons) | nucleus |
2 or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons | isotopes |
pure substance with unique properties, formed when 2 or more different elements combine | compound |
compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds | molecule |
type of bond formed when an atom SHARE electrons | covalent bond |
atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons | ion |
electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms | ionic bond |
combination of 2 or more different substances in which substances keeps its individual characteristics | mixture |
homogenous mixture formed when a substance is dissolved into another substance | solution |
molecule with oppositely charged regions | polar molecule |
weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen | hydrogen bond |
substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water (pH < 7) | acid |
substance that releases OH- when dissolved in water | base |
have same chemical formula but different structures | isomer |
large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds | polymer |
organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom | carbohydrate |
basic unit of a carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
formed when 2 monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction | disaccharide |
any class of carbohydrates consisting of a number of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bond | polysaccharides |
carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units; polysaccharide stored by plants | starch |
secondary long term energy storage in animal and fungi cells | glycogen |
cellulose an inert carbohydrate; makes cell wall | cellulose |
hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen | lipid |
organic, compound made of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds | protein |
carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
bond that holds amino acids together | peptide bond |
protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering activation energy needed to start the reaction | enzyme |
complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information | nucleic acid |
subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base | nucleotides |
main component of chromosomes; transfers genetic information | DNA |
any various nucleic acid that contains ribose and uracil as structural components | RNA |
all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism | metabolism |