Question | Answer |
What are indications for handwashing? | Before and after contact with patient, donning and removing gloves, contact with wounds/mucosal surfaces, when there is doubt |
How long should a PTA wash his/her hands for? | 30 seconds |
What are the 3 categories of assistive devices? | Canes, crutches and walkers |
What are the indications for using an AD? | Balance, fatigue, weaknes, instability, cosmesis, reduce WBing |
What is the most stable AD? | Walker (parallel bars are static) |
What is the least stable AD? | Cane |
How should crutches be measures? | 20-30' of elbow flexion, with crutches 2" lateral and 6" anterior, 2-3 fingers from axilla |
List the types of gait: | 3-point, modified 3-point,4-point,2-point, swing-to and swing-through |
How should a patient ascend/descend stairs with crutches? | Ascend: unaffected extremity, crutchesDescend: affected extremity, crutches |
What is the purpose of a cane? | Widen BOS and improve balance |
What is the purpose of a walker? | Improve balance and relieve WBing |
Where should the PTA guard the patient | On affected side slightly behind |
What requirements are needed for a functional gait? | Support the upright body, maintain balance in upright position and execute the stepping motion |
What are the major components of the gait cycle? | Stance phase and swing phase |
Name components of stance phase using Rancho Los Amigos terminology | Initial contact, load response, midstance, terminal stance and preswing |
Name components of swing phase using Rancho Los Amigos terminology | Initial swing, midswing, terminal swing |
Name components of stance phase using traditional terminology | Heel-strike, foot flat, single-et support, heel-off and toe-off |
Name components of swing phase using Rancho Los Amigos terminology | Acceleration, midswing, deceleration |
What is the usual base width? | 6-8" |
What is the step length? | 12-16" |
What is the stride length? | 24-32" |
Where is the center of gravity? | 5cm in front of S-2 |
What are other components that contribute to gait? | Lateral pelvic shift, pelvic rotation, reciprical arm-swing |