Question | Answer |
electricity | process of pushing electrons through a circuit |
electrochemistry | study of spontaneous chemical reactions to produce electricity and the use of electricity to drive nonspontaneous reactions |
electrochemical cell | device in which an electric current is either produced by a spontaneous chemical reaction or used to bring about a nonspontaneous reaction |
electrolytic cell | an electrochemical cell where electrolysis occurs (current is used to drive nonspontaneous reaction) |
chemical kinetics | study of rates of chemical reactions |
rate of reaction | a positive quantity that tells us how the concentrations of a reactant or product changes with time |
rate law | expression for reaction rate in terms of concentrations of a species at any instant |
reaction mechanism | description of a path, or a sequence of steps, by which a reaction might occur at the molecular level |
kinetic energy | at higher temperatures there are more molecules with high kinetic energy |
nuclear chemistry | changes that occur with the nucleus |
nuclear fission | fragmentation of large nuclei into smaller nuclei |
nuclear fusion | merging of small nuclei into larger ones |
nuclear decay | spontaneous particle break up due to cramped space of protons in an atom. The repulsion between protons overcomes the force holding the nucleus together |
isomers | different compounds that have the same molecular formula |
stereoisomer | atoms have same partners but arranged differently in space |
structural isomer | atoms connected to different partners |
ionization isomer | ligand and anion in one isomer switch positions to form other isomer |
hydrate isomer | ionization isomer where water is one of the ligands whose position is different in different isomers |
linkage isomer | ligands in complex have more than one atom that can bond to the central metal ion; different atoms in isomer is actually bonded to central metal ion |
coordination isomer | both anion and cation are complexes and ligand in anionic complex in one isomer exchange with a ligand in the cationic complex |
geometrical isomer | atoms bonded to same neighbors but with different locations relative to each other |
optical isomer | nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other |
chiral complex | one that is not identical iwth its mirror image |
achiral complex | one that is superimposable on its mirror image (not optical isomers) |