Question | Answer |
Enlightenment | An era of reason and logical thinking where people questioned previously accepted truths about who held power |
The Great Awakening | A new wave of religious revival because people had forgotten the Puritan's original mission |
What was the most influential or the driving force for Puritans? | Their religion and relationship with God |
What did the Puritan sermons often focus on? | The wrath (anger) of God if people should go astray and disobey Him |
Explain the concept of "the city upon a hill" | This explains how the Puritans thought God had selected them to be an example for other people to look up to them as a way to live their lives for God |
Who were "the elect"? | The Puritans thought God had chosen a few people to save from hell. |
How was the world formed in the story "World on the Turtle's Back"? | Woman fell through the hole in the Sky World, grabbed some dirt and roots on the way down, landed on a turtle's back where all life grew from the roots. |
What did the twins in "World on the Turtle's Back" represent? | Good vs. evil |
What do we learn about the Iroquois' relationship with nature in "World on the Turtle's Back"? | They respected and revere animals and nature |
What did the coyote do to the buffalo's skull at the beginning of the story "The Coyote and the Buffalo"? | The coyote made fun of the bones and gave the skull a kick, so the buffalo chases the coyote. |
How does the coyote gain Buffalo Bull's friendship in "The Coyote and the Buffalo"? | he makes the buffalo horns |
How does Buffalo Bull thank the coyote for making him horns? | He give the coyote a young cow but warns him to only eat the fat and the cow will feed the coyote forever |
What is the theme of "The Coyote and the Buffalo"? | It pays to befriend your enemy; greed will be punished; tricksters are more likely to get tricked themselves |
What rumors about Indians had Cabeza de Vaca's men heard about before they landed in the story "La Relacion?" | They heard that the natives were untamed savages and would sacrifice people |
What happened when the men tried to leave the island in the story "La Relacion"? | Their barge sank and two men drowned |
What surprised the Spanish about the Indians after the barge sank and the men died? | The Indians cried and wailed for the Spanish |
How were the Indians and the Spanish alike at the end of the story in "La Relacion"? | Both believed in a higher power and relied on that power to heal the sick; both realized the other was not as they had been told and were kind people |
What voyage is Equiano taking in the story "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano"? | He was captured in Africa and being brought to Americas as a slave to be sold |
Why is Equiano being taken to America? | He is being brought to the Americas as a slave to be sold |
Why was Equiano whipped? | Because he refused to eat |
Describe the conditions on the ship in "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano". | people were chained to the bottom of the ship, the air was suffocating, people were whipped/beaten, nets were set up so people couldn't jump overboard |
What did Equiano pray for on the ship? | He prayed for death because it would be a welcome relief compared to the conditions on the ship |
What did Equiano witness upon arriving in the Americas that jarred him? | the auction and sale of slaves and families being broken up |
What did Equiano find hypocritical about his captors | He called them "nominal Christians" because they did not act like real Christians should |
What does Bradstreet value more than gold in "To My Dear and Loving Husband"? | her husband |
Who will allow Bradstreet and where does she hope she will be able to repay her husband? | She hopes that God will allow her to repay her husband with eternal life in heaven where they will be together again. |
How does Bradstreet use hyperbole in her poem? | She exaggerates her love for her husband to make her point when she says love is more precious than mines of gold, riches in the East |
What term captures how the Pilgrims view their relationship with God and his influence in their lives in the story "Of Plymouth Plantation"? | Divine Providence - it was God's will and care that provided for them |
What did the Pilgrims expect the Native Americans to be like in "Of Plymouth Plantation"? | They expected them to be "savage barbarians" but instead found them to be compassionate and helpful in teaching them how to survive and sharing resources |
How were the Pilgrims ill prepared for the New World? | They landed in the winter and didn't have enough provisions to survive, didn't have shelter, and many died from disease |
How does Squanto help the Pilgrims? | He acted as an interpreter, showed them how to plant corn, and helped broker a peace treaty |
What is the purpose of Edward's sermon in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?" | to scare people into behaving and scare them into accepting Jesus Christ |
What imagery does Edwards use in his sermon? | furnace for the fires of hell; spider dancing over the pits of hell; God's arrow pointed at the spider's string ready to cut the string |
What is the Calvinist belief of predestination? | God had already pre-determined who would be saved and who wouldn't, only a select few would be saved |
According to the sermon, we are all still here and alive but for the grace of whom? | God, but whenever he wanted to, he could send us all to the pits of hell |
What was the only way to be saved, according to Edwards? | a personal conversion and accepting Jesus Christ as your Lord and Savior |
If the colonists don't fight now, what does the author of "Speech to the Virginia Convention" say the colonists can look forward to? | submission and slavery for England |
What have the colonists been doing for 10 years but hasn't worked | sending petitions and nonviolent efforts to King George III, but he's ignored them all |
Name at least 3 reasons that now is the time to fight. | if not now, we won't be able to resist; millions are ready to fight now; God will help us win; it's too late to back down now; already tried peaceful methods |
What does Patrick Henry mean when he says, "Give me liberty or give me death"? | he'd rather die than live under a tyrant |
Name 4 sections of the Declaration of Independence | preamble (reason for the document), declaration of rights (list of people's rights); a list of complaints; a conclusion (formally stating America's independence) |
Who gives people their rights? | God |
List at least 3 of the colonists' complaints in "Declaration of Independence" | dissolving legislatures, maintaining arms in peacetime; preventing trade with the rest of the world; taxation without representation; no trials by juries; hiring mercenaries; no right to bear arms |
When does Jefferson say people must rise up to abolish the government and start a new one? | when it no longer serves the people and abuses them |
How is "The Crucible" an allegory? | It is an allegory for the Cold War. Sen McCarthy went on a witch hunt to find Communists. People were accused without proof, couldn't defend themselves |
What role does Tituba play in the story? | She introduces the girls to witchcraft. Later she was easy to blame for the problems |
What is Reverend Parris's main concern throughout the play? | He is concerned about getting paid and not losing his position in the church because he fears he is about to get kicked out and the congregation is against him |
Why doesn't John Proctor like Rev. Parris? | Because he finds Parris is too showy and self-involved caring only about his salary and gold candlesticks for his alter |
What is John Proctor accused of in the play? | affair, not being a good Christian, harboring witchcraft |
What is Rebecca Nurse accused of | witchcraft and killing Goody Putnam's babies |
What is Giles Corey accused of | stealing his neighbor's land with frivolous lawsuits |
What is Abigail Williams accused of | witchcraft, communing with the devil |
How does Rev. Hale change from the beginning to the end of the play? | at the beginning he is overconfident he will root out the devil; as the play goes on he loses his standing in the community and makes the hysteria worse |
Why is Abigail the villain in the play? | She falsely accuses others and threatens to kill them if they go against her wishes |
What ultimately happens to Abigail? | She steals Parris's money and runs away |
Name 3 reasons hysteria grips Salem which allows the Witch Trials to happen | people are very religious; the town's people already have disputes and conflicts; teenagers were bored |
Name 3 ways Abigail redirects attention away from herself during the trials. | fainting; seeing a yellow bird in the rafters; feeling a cold chill; accusing others of witchcraft |
Why does Proctor finally reveal his affair? | so he can save his wife after she is accuse of being a witch; |
What is a crucible? | A pot for melting metal; a personal test or trial |
How are Tom and his wife alike in "The Devil and Tom Walker"? | Both are mean-spirited, conniving, and selfish people |
What is Tom Walker and his wife's marriage like? | They are physically and emotionally abusive to each other |
What does the dark forest in "The Devil and Tom Walker" represent? | It represents the devil's domain; the trees are people the devil has made a deal with |
How does Tom Walker react when he meets the devil? | Tom is not phased because the devil is not as bad as his wife |
Why does Tom Walker reject the devil's offer of gold? | It would make his wife mad |
What happened to Tom Walker's wife? | She goes to make a deal with the devil; bits of her body are found tied up in an apron in a tree |
What deal does Tom Walker make with the devil? | He becomes a money lender charging high interest rates |
How does Tom Walker try to get out of his deal with the devil? | He goes to church, prays loudly, carries a Bible |
What happens to Tom Walker at the end of the story? | the devil comes for him and all of his wealth turns to dust |
What do "A Psalm of Life " and "The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls" teach us? | Live life to the fullest! |
What animal should we not be like? (in "A Psalm of Life " and "The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls") | dumb cattle because they follow blindly |
What role do waves play in the poems "A Psalm of Life " and "The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls"? | the waves remind us that nature is in control; nature/time wash away our impact on the world |
Transcendentalism is an intellectual movement that emphasizes the dignity of the __________________. | individual |
Transcendentalism says people should live a __________________ life. | simple |
Living a simple life can best be achieved by going into ______________. | nature |
What does it mean to "transcend"? | to go beyond, to go above |
Transcendentalism says _______________, _______________, and ______________ are all interconnected. | nature, God, humankind |
Transcendentalism says all people are inherently ________________ and should follow their own conscience | good |
What did Emerson believe about envy and imitation? | that is hopeless; people should accept themselves and not be jealous of others |
On whom did Emerson believe people should rely? | themselves; be self-reliant |
According to Emerson, who are the greatest people? | the people that are misunderstood or controversial (like Jesus) |
How can going into the woods transform a man? | A man will feel young again, gives a sense of calm |
Where did Thoreau go to live? | into nature at Walden Pond |
What does Thoreau mean when he says he wants to "suck out all marrow of life"? | to tap into the deepest, most meaningful parts of life |
How does Thoreau view newspapers? | they are worthless as they do not contain any memorable or important information |
How is the reason Thoreau went into the woods the same reason he left? | he went in to experience life and something new; he left when he felt he had fallen into a rut/ a routine |
What war disgusted Thoreau and made him distrust governments? | The Mexican- American War |
Even though Thoreau was jailed for not paying his taxes, why did he say he was still more free? | he stood up for his principles |
Who are the 2 mockingbirds in "To Kill a Mockingbird"? | Tom Robinson and Boo Radley |
How is TKMB a "coming of age" or "innocence to experience" story? | We see Scout grow up and mature over the 3 years and learn to understand many things |
Why does Dr. Heidegger invite 2 guests to his lab? | to see if the fountain of youth water really works |
What is in the cut glass vase in "Dr. Heidegger"? How does he illustrate its power? | water from the fountain of youth; he puts a dried up rose in the water and it comes back to life |
Why does the Prince come to the abbey in "The Masque of Red Death"? | to escape the Red Death and get away from the spread of the disease |
What happens in the end of "The Masque of Red Death"? | The prince and all of the guests are killed by Red Death |
What is the lottery? | an annual gathering where someone's name is drawn and s/he is stoned to death by people in the village |
Who "wins" the lottery? | Tessie Hutchinson |
Name an example of foreshadowing in "The Lottery" | The boys gather a pile of stones, people are nervous before the drawing |